Open Access

ARTICLE

Compact Multibeam Array with Miniaturized Butler Matrix for 5G Applications

Suleiman A. Babale¹, Muhammad K. Ishfaq^2,*, Ali Raza², Jamal Nasir³, Ahmad Fayyaz³, Umer Ijaz²
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Muhammad K. Ishfaq. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in 5G Antenna Designs and Systems)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022, 72(1), 925-937. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.024711

Received 28 October 2021; Accepted 21 December 2021; Issue published 24 February 2022

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a miniaturized beam steering network that produces broadside beams when it is fed with a compact antenna array. Butler Matrix (BM) was used as the beam steering network. It was completely built from a miniaturized 3 dB hybrid-couplers in planar microstrip technology. It was configured by feeding the BM with a Planar Inverted-E Antenna (PIEA) array separated at 0.3 λ as against the 0.5 λ separation. This makes the BM produce a major radiation pattern at the broadside. Apart from the miniaturization, no modification was made from the BM side. However, employing effective mutual coupling reduction techniques helped to design the compact PIEA array. The validity of this BM based multibeam PIEA array was demonstrated by comparing the simulation results of the reflection coefficients, transmissions coefficients and the radiation pattern with measurements. The measurement results showed good agreement with simulations.

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Keywords

Beam steering; compact; butler matrix; grating lobe; and mutual coupling; PIEA array

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