Open Access

ARTICLE

LSTDA: Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware Routing Mechanism for Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET)

Farman Ali¹, Khalid Zaman², Babar Shah³, Tariq Hussain⁴, Habib Ullah⁵, Altaf Hussain⁵, Daehan Kwak^6,*

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, South Korea
2 Information Engineering School, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710061, China
3 College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Dubai, 19282, United Arab Emirates
4 School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
5 Institute of Computer Science and IT, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawer, 25120, Pakistan
6 Department of Computer Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, 07083, USA

* Corresponding Author: Daehan Kwak. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI-driven Cybersecurity in Cyber Physical Systems enabled Healthcare, Current Challenges, Requirements and Future research Foresights)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023, 77(1), 963-981. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.040628

Received 25 March 2023; Accepted 24 July 2023; Issue published 31 October 2023

Abstract

The paper presents a new protocol called Link Stability and Transmission Delay Aware (LSTDA) for Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) with a focus on network corridors (NC). FANET consists of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that face challenges in avoiding transmission loss and delay while ensuring stable communication. The proposed protocol introduces a novel link stability with network corridors priority node selection to check and ensure fair communication in the entire network. The protocol uses a Red-Black (R-B) tree to achieve maximum channel utilization and an advanced relay approach. The paper evaluates LSTDA in terms of End-to-End Delay (E2ED), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Network Lifetime (NLT), and Transmission Loss (TL), and compares it with existing methods such as Link Stability Estimation-based Routing (LEPR), Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing (DPTR), and Delay and Link Stability Aware (DLSA) using MATLAB simulations. The results show that LSTDA outperforms the other protocols, with lower average delay, higher average PDR, longer average NLT, and comparable average TL.

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Keywords

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