Open Access

ARTICLE

ConvNeXt-Driven Dynamic Unified Network with Adaptive Feature Calibration for End-to-End Person Search

Xiuchuan Cheng¹, Meiling Wu¹, Xu Feng¹, Zhiguo Wang², Guisong Liu², Ye Li^2,*

1 Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, China
2 School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

* Corresponding Author: Ye Li. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025, 85(2), 3527-3549. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.067264

Received 28 April 2025; Accepted 15 July 2025; Issue published 23 September 2025

Abstract

The requirement for precise detection and recognition of target pedestrians in unprocessed real-world imagery drives the formulation of person search as an integrated technological framework that unifies pedestrian detection and person re-identification (Re-ID). However, the inherent discrepancy between the optimization objectives of coarse-grained localization in pedestrian detection and fine-grained discriminative learning in Re-ID, combined with the substantial performance degradation of Re-ID during joint training caused by the Faster R-CNN-based branch, collectively constitutes a critical bottleneck for person search. In this work, we propose a cascaded person search model (SeqXt) based on SeqNet and ConvNeXt that adopts a sequential end-to-end network as its core architecture, artfully integrates the design logic of the two-step method and one-step method framework, and concurrently incorporates the two-step method’s advantage in efficient subtask handling while preserving the one-step method’s efficiency in end-to-end training. Firstly, we utilize ConvNeXt-Base as the feature extraction module, which incorporates part of the design concept of Transformer, enhances the consideration of global context information, and boosts feature discrimination through an implicit self-attention mechanism. Secondly, we introduce prototype-guided normalization for calibrating the feature distribution, which leverages the archetype features of individual identities to calibrate the feature distribution and thereby prevents features from being overly inclined towards frequently occurring IDs, notably improving the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of person identities. Finally, we put forward an innovative loss function named the Dynamic Online Instance Matching Loss Function (DOIM), which employs the hard sample assistant method to adaptively update the lookup table (LUT) and the circular queue (CQ) and aims to further enhance the distinctiveness of features between classes. Experimental results on the public datasets CUHK-SYSU and PRW and the private dataset UESTC-PS show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results.

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Keywords

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