Open Access

ARTICLE

Enhanced Fire Detection System for Blind and Visually Challenged People Using Artificial Intelligence with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,*, Hamad Almansour², Huda G. Iskandar^3,4, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵

1 Department of Computer Science, Applied College at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
2Applied Collage, Najran University, Najran, 66462, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, Sana’a University, Sana’a, P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
4 King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, 11614, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, P.O. Box 173, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Author: Fahd N. Al-Wesabi. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer Vision and Image Processing: Feature Selection, Image Enhancement and Recognition)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025, 85(3), 5765-5787. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.067571

Received 07 May 2025; Accepted 26 August 2025; Issue published 23 October 2025

Abstract

Earlier notification and fire detection methods provide safety information and fire prevention to blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals in a limited timeframe in the event of emergencies, particularly in enclosed areas. Fire detection becomes crucial as it directly impacts human safety and the environment. While modern technology requires precise techniques for early detection to prevent damage and loss, few research has focused on artificial intelligence (AI)-based early fire alert systems for BVI individuals in indoor settings. To prevent such fire incidents, it is crucial to identify fires accurately and promptly, and alert BVI personnel using a combination of smart glasses, deep learning (DL), and computer vision (CV). The most recent technologies require effective methods to identify fires quickly, preventing damage and physical loss. In this manuscript, an Enhanced Fire Detection System for Blind and Visually Challenged People using Artificial Intelligence with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (EFDBVC-AIDCNN) model is presented. The EFDBVC-AIDCNN model presents an advanced fire detection system that utilizes AI to detect and classify fire hazards for BVI people effectively. Initially, image pre-processing is performed using the Gabor filter (GF) model to improve texture details and patterns specific to flames and smoke. For the feature extractor, the Swin transformer (ST) model captures fine details across multiple scales to represent fire patterns accurately. Furthermore, the Elman neural network (ENN) technique is implemented to detect fire. The improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is used to efficiently tune ENN parameters, improving accuracy and robustness across varying lighting and environmental conditions to optimize performance. An extensive experimental study of the EFDBVC-AIDCNN technique is accomplished under the fire detection dataset. A short comparative analysis of the EFDBVC-AIDCNN approach portrayed a superior accuracy value of 96.60% over existing models.

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