Open Access

REVIEW

Multimodal omics analysis of the EGFR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer and emerging therapeutic strategies

YUZHENG LI^1,2, LILI YU¹, SHIYAO ZHOU¹, HUA ZHOU^2,3,*, QIBIAO WU^1,2,*

1 Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
2 Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, 519000, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China

* Corresponding Authors: HUA ZHOU. Email: ; QIBIAO WU. Email: ,

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Omics Approaches for Precision Medicine)

Oncology Research 2025, 33(6), 1363-1376. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.059311

Received 03 October 2024; Accepted 20 December 2024; Issue published 29 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involves complex alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. This study aims to integrate multimodal omics analyses to evaluate and enhance EGFR-targeted therapies. Methods: We reviewed and synthesized omics data—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics data—related to the EGFR pathway in NSCLC, examined the clinical outcomes of current therapies and proposed new treatment strategies. Results: Integrated omics analyses revealed the multifaceted role of EGFR in NSCLC. Transcriptomic analysis revealed gene expression alterations due to EGFR mutations, with upregulation of oncogenes and downregulation of tumor suppressors. Proteomics revealed complex interactions within the EGFR network, revealing cross-talk with other receptors. Epigenomics highlighted the impact of DNA methylation and histone modifications on EGFR and its downstream genes, whereas metabolomics demonstrated shifts in metabolic patterns essential for tumor growth. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of multimodal omics in understanding the molecular landscape of NSCLC, offering insights into more effective, personalized therapies. Future advancements in omic technologies and analysis are expected to significantly enhance NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.

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