Open Access

REVIEW

Advances in Targeted and Immunotherapy for High-Risk Cutaneous Malignancies

Amy J. Petty^*, Drew A. Emge, Adela R. Cardones

Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA

* Corresponding Author: Amy J. Petty. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Shaping the Future: The Next Evolution of Cancer Immunotherapy)

Oncology Research 2026, 34(3), 2 https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.073383

Received 17 September 2025; Accepted 18 November 2025; Issue published 24 February 2026

Abstract

Skin cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and melanoma representing the most clinically significant types. While traditional treatments are effective for early-stage disease, advanced or metastatic cases often pose significant therapeutic challenges. Patients with high-risk or recurrent disease face limited options and poor prognoses. The emergence of immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the treatment landscape across multiple cancer types, including cutaneous malignancies. This review highlights recent advancements in immunotherapeutic strategies for BCC, cSCC, and melanoma, underscoring their growing importance in dermatologic oncology. We synthesize current evidence and ongoing clinical trials for immunotherapy across these three skin cancer types. We also explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning immune responsiveness and potential biomarkers of response. As immunotherapy continues to expand within dermatology, understanding its role, limitations, and future directions is essential for optimizing patient care. The integration of immunotherapy into dermatologic practice represents not only a therapeutic innovation but also a shift toward precision medicine in cutaneous oncology.

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