Zhijie Lin¹, Chao Yang^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.090428 - 15 September 2026

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Jihoon Moon^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.089115 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Large language models and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are increasingly employed to transform evidence into decision-facing briefings, alerts, and recommendations. In these settings, explainability cannot be evaluated merely by fluency, readability, or factual correctness. A briefing may be factually correct while still being unsafe if it cites sources that do not substantiate the claim, suppresses uncertainty, converts correlational evidence into causal language, recommends an unauthorized action, or leaves no auditable path for human review. This review synthesizes 104 sources spanning explainable natural language processing (NLP), faithful explanation, hallucination and factuality evaluation, RAG, citation faithfulness, uncertainty… More >

Xiusen Wang^1,*, Zheng Fang², Jie Chen^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.088952 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Complex networks in cyber–physical, transportation, and information infrastructures operate under topology variations, unmeasured disturbances, and limited actuation. This paper proposes robust disturbance-aware data-driven decision control (R-D3C), which couples a sliding-window graph-regularized estimator, disturbance-envelope adaptation, sparse intervention allocation, receding-horizon optimization, and a robust safety projection. The theory directly bounds the dynamic prediction regret of the implemented sliding-window estimator. A checkable sufficient condition for safety-filter feasibility is coupled with an explicit slack-and-backup fallback when the strict projection is infeasible. Practical input-to-state stability and sparse-allocation risk reduction are established. The nominal comparison uses 30 paired runs with standard More >

Yongfeng Zhang^1,*, Jie Chen^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.088561 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Speaker verification on phones, wearables, and voice-enabled Internet-of-Things gateways must balance local privacy with reliable decisions under adverse audio. Existing privacy-preserving verification schemes generally protect a fixed representation, whereas edge-offloading policies usually adapt computation without attaching an explicit feature-disclosure budget; neither line alone coordinates trial uncertainty, communication state, and privacy expenditure. This paper presents privacy-preserving uncertainty-aware adaptive feature offloading (P-UAFO), an edge-intelligence framework that keeps raw audio local and transmits only clipped, projected, quantized, and Gaussian-perturbed intermediate features when their expected benefit justifies resource cost. Its online pipeline first estimates decision uncertainty and resource state,… More >

Daniel Šolc^1,*, René Ivančák¹, Juraj Gazda¹, Eva Chovancová¹, Eugen Šlapák¹, Gabriel Bugár²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.088224 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Autonomous mobile robots increasingly rely on three tightly coupled capabilities: low-latency wireless connectivity, edge-side compute acceleration, and simulation-based pre-training of perception and control models. Each has been studied extensively in isolation, but their joint deployment on a single platform remains rare. This paper presents an integrated framework combining a private 5G Stand-Alone (5G SA) access network, a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) layer with adaptive offloading, and a digital-twin training pipeline in NVIDIA Omniverse Isaac Sim. It is realised on the Yahboom ROSMASTER R2 with an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX, a Quectel RM530N-GL 5G modem in… More >

Xiaolei Yin, Zihan Wang, Sanfeng Zhang^*, Shouwei Li^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.088083 - 15 September 2026

Abstract On-chain risky address identification is an important task in blockchain security analysis and digital asset risk management. In practical on-chain risk control, however, risky addresses are usually far fewer than benign ones. Fund flows also follow complex propagation paths and strict temporal orders, which makes it difficult for existing methods to handle class imbalance, structural semantic modeling, and information leakage under temporal split settings at the same time. To address these challenges, this paper proposes AMLHunter, an on-chain risky address identification method based on temporally consistent transaction semantic constraints and generative graph augmentation. AMLHunter first… More >

Zhihao Liu^1,2, Yi Zhang³, Wei Zhang^1,2, Jian Wang⁴, Huiling Shi^1,2, Xiaolong Wang^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.088018 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Mobile edge services require deterministic communication across Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and 5G access, where the standardized integration architecture exposes the 5G System (5GS) to the TSN controller as a logical bridge. We study dynamic admission of time-triggered (TT) flows using reported 5GS bridge delay and TSN-to-5GS Quality of Service (QoS) mapping in route selection and Gate Control List (GCL) scheduling. Arrivals and departures can split available transmission time into noncontiguous windows. Online insertion preserves admitted schedules but may reduce subsequent schedulability, whereas full recomputation can restore schedulability but changes many routes and GCL entries, complicating… More >

Kuldashbay Avazov¹, Jasur Sevinov^2,3, Komil Tashev⁴, Jamila Arzieva⁵, Tulkin Botirov⁶, Alpamis Kutlimuratov⁷, Akmalbek Abdusalomov^{2,4,8,9,10,11}, Boburjon Vafoev¹², Young Im Cho^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.087927 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) systems require lightweight cryptographic primitives that provide strong security under strict constraints on area, latency, and timing predictability. Ascon, selected by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the standard for lightweight authenticated encryption, is well suited for such environments, yet application-oriented hardware implementations for WSN platforms remain underexplored. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based Ascon architectures for secure WSN and IoT deployments, using iterative design with single permutation round and hybrid design with two-round unrolling across two FPGA… More >

Long Yu^1,2,3, Ma Zhu^1,2,3,*, Xu Wang^1,2,3, Yang Pei^1,2,3, Chunfang Yang^1,2,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.087636 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Cross-view geo-localization (CVGL) estimates the location of a street-level image by retrieving its matching GPS-tagged satellite tile. Semi-supervised methods reduce the need for dense annotations by mining pseudo labels, but most of them keep only one positive reference for each query. In real-world galleries, several overlapping satellite tiles may cover the same ground location. As a result, valid matches can be discarded as negatives, which gives the model conflicting supervision. To address this problem, we propose DMP-Geo, a semi-supervised cross-view geo-localization method that mines multiple positives for each query from unlabeled data. A bird’s-eye fusion More >

Gang Xu¹, Yeda Lian^2,*, Leike Yang^2,*, Hao Li², Yonggang Yang³, Lanjie Niu⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.087556 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Hot-section nickel-based single-crystal superalloy components under isothermal cyclic loading often exhibit systematic life shifts when datasets span different stress ratios and notch severities, making it difficult to maintain a globally consistent parameter set using conventional models. Because the effects of temperature, stress ratio, and stress concentration on cyclic response and damage evolution are typically nonlinear and coupled, this study proposes a multi-level equivalent driving force framework for fatigue life prediction, in which condition-induced life differences are represented as comparable shifts on a unified engineering driving-force scale. The proposed framework links the nominal cyclic response, the… More >