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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Diagnosing Retinal Eye Diseases: A Novel Transfer Learning Approach

    Mohammed Salih Ahmed1, Atta Rahman2,*, Yahya Alhabboub1, Khalid Alzahrani1, Hassan Baragbah1, Basel Altaha1, Hussein Alkatout1, Sardar Asad Ali Biabani3,4, Rashad Ahmed5, Aghiad Bakry2

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.40, pp. 149-175, 2025, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2025.059080 - 12 February 2025

    Abstract This study rigorously evaluates the potential of transfer learning in diagnosing retinal eye diseases using advanced models such as YOLOv8, Xception, ConvNeXtTiny, and VGG16. All models were trained on the esteemed RFMiD dataset, which includes images classified into six critical categories: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Macular Hole (MH), Diabetic Neuropathy (DN), Optic Disc Changes (ODC), Tesselated Fundus (TSLN), and normal cases. The research emphasizes enhancing model performance by prioritizing recall metrics, a crucial strategy aimed at minimizing false negatives in medical diagnostics. To address the challenge of imbalanced data, we implemented effective preprocessing techniques, including cropping,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Synchronization Characterization of DC Microgrid Converter Output Voltage and Improved Adaptive Synchronization Control Methods

    Wei Chen, Xin Gao*, Zhanhong Wei, Xusheng Yang, Zhao Li

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 805-821, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059779 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract This paper deeply introduces a brand-new research method for the synchronous characteristics of DC microgrid bus voltage and an improved synchronous control strategy. This method mainly targets the problem of bus voltage oscillation caused by the bifurcation behavior of DC microgrid converters. Firstly, the article elaborately establishes a mathematical model of a single distributed power source with hierarchical control. On this basis, a small-world network model that can better adapt to the topology structure of DC microgrids is further constructed. Then, a voltage synchronization analysis method based on the main stability function is proposed, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Novel Control Strategy Based on -VSG for Inter-Face Converter in Hybrid Microgrid

    Kai Shi, Dongyang Yang*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 471-492, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059651 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract The rapid development of new energy power generation technology and the transformation of power electronics in the core equipment of source-grid-load drives the power system towards the “double-high” development pattern of “high proportion of renewable energy” and “high proportion of power electronic equipment”. To enhance the transient performance of AC/DC hybrid microgrid (HMG) in the context of “double-high,” a type virtual synchronous generator (-VSG) control strategy is applied to bidirectional interface converter (BIC) to address the issues of lacking inertia and poor disturbance immunity caused by the high penetration rate of power electronic equipment and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Multi-Stage Temporal Feature Learning

    Qiang Wang1, Hao Cheng2, Wenrui Zhang2,*, Guangxi Li3, Fan Xu2, Dianhao Chen4, Haixiang Zang4

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 747-764, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059533 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract Harnessing solar power is essential for addressing the dual challenges of global warming and the depletion of traditional energy sources. However, the fluctuations and intermittency of photovoltaic (PV) power pose challenges for its extensive incorporation into power grids. Thus, enhancing the precision of PV power prediction is particularly important. Although existing studies have made progress in short-term prediction, issues persist, particularly in the underutilization of temporal features and the neglect of correlations between satellite cloud images and PV power data. These factors hinder improvements in PV power prediction performance. To overcome these challenges, this paper… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Short-Term Wind Power Forecast Based on STL-IAOA-iTransformer Algorithm: A Case Study in Northwest China

    Zhaowei Yang1, Bo Yang2,*, Wenqi Liu1, Miwei Li2, Jiarong Wang2, Lin Jiang3, Yiyan Sang4, Zhenning Pan5

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 405-430, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059515 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract Accurate short-term wind power forecast technique plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and economic efficiency of smart grids. Although numerous studies have employed various methods to forecast wind power, there remains a research gap in leveraging swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize the hyperparameters of the Transformer model for wind power prediction. To improve the accuracy of short-term wind power forecast, this paper proposes a hybrid short-term wind power forecast approach named STL-IAOA-iTransformer, which is based on seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) and iTransformer model optimized by improved arithmetic optimization algorithm (IAOA).… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design of Voltage Equalization Circuit and Control Method for Lithium-ion Battery Packs

    Qi Wang1,2,3, Lantian Ge1,*, Tianru Xie1, Yibo Huang1, Yandong Gu1, Tao Zhu1, Xuehua Gao1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 733-746, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.059453 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract The active equalization of lithium-ion batteries involves transferring energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells, ensuring consistent voltage levels across the battery pack and maintaining safety. This paper presents a voltage balancing circuit and control method. First, a single capacitor method is used to design the circuit topology for energy transfer. Next, real-time voltage detection and control are employed to balance energy between cells. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving balanced voltages of 3.97 V from initial voltages of 4.10, 3.97, and 3.90 V. The proposed circuit is More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design and Economic Evaluation of Grid-Connected PV Water Pumping Systems for Various Head Locations

    Moien A. Omar*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 561-576, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059352 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract This research investigates the design and optimization of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system to address seasonal water demands across five locations with varying elevation heads. The system draws water from a deep well with a static water level of 30 m and a dynamic level of 50 m, serving agricultural and livestock needs. The objective of this study is to accurately size a PV system that balances energy generation and demand while minimizing grid dependency. Meanwhile, the study presents a comprehensive methodology to calculate flow rates, pumping power, daily energy consumption, and system capacity.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Power Battery Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Long-Short Term Memory-Back Propagation

    Yuheng Yin, Jiahao Song*, Minghui Yang

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 709-731, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.059021 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract The lithium battery is an essential component of electric cars; prompt and accurate problem detection is vital in guaranteeing electric cars’ safe and dependable functioning and addressing the limitations of Back Propagation (BP) neural networks in terms of vanishing gradients and inability to effectively capture dependencies in time series, and the limitations of Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network models in terms of risk of overfitting. A method based on LSTM-BP is put forward for power battery fault diagnosis to improve the accuracy of lithium battery fault diagnosis. First, a lithium battery model is constructed… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influences of Financial Development and Energy Price on Renewable Energy: An Italian Case

    Asif Raihan1,*, Mohammad Ridwan2, Mahdi Salehi3, Grzegorz Zimon4,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 493-514, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059016 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract Global climate change has created substantial difficulties in the areas of sustainability, development, and environmental conservation due to the widespread dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. Nevertheless, the promotion of renewable energy programs has the potential to significantly expedite endeavors aimed at tackling climate change. Thus, it is essential to conduct a thorough analysis that considers the financial aspects to fully understand the main hurdles that are preventing the advancement of renewable energy initiatives. Italy is a leading country in the worldwide deployment of renewable energy. The objective of this research is to assess… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Two-Stage Scheduling Model for Flexible Resources in Active Distribution Networks Based on Probabilistic Risk Perception

    Yukai Li1,*, Ruixue Zhang1, Yongfeng Ni1, Hongkai Qiu1, Yuning Zhang2, Chunming Liu2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 681-707, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.058981 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract Aiming at the problems of increasing uncertainty of low-carbon generation energy in active distribution network (ADN) and the difficulty of security assessment of distribution network, this paper proposes a two-phase scheduling model for flexible resources in ADN based on probabilistic risk perception. First, a full-cycle probabilistic trend sequence is constructed based on the source-load historical data, and in the day-ahead scheduling phase, the response interval of the flexibility resources on the load and storage side is optimized based on the probabilistic trend, with the probability of the security boundary as the security constraint, and with… More >

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