Maheen Anwar¹, Saima Farhan¹, Yasin Ul Haq², Waqar Azeem³, Muhammad Ilyas⁴, Razvan Cristian Voicu^5,*, Muhammad Hassan Tanveer⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3477-3502, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065141 - 03 July 2025

Abstract Glaucoma, a chronic eye disease affecting millions worldwide, poses a substantial threat to eyesight and can result in permanent vision loss if left untreated. Manual identification of glaucoma is a complicated and time-consuming practice requiring specialized expertise and results may be subjective. To address these challenges, this research proposes a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approach using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for binary and multiclass classification of glaucoma stages. An ensemble fusion mechanism that combines the outputs of three pre-trained convolutional neural network (ConvNet) models–ResNet-50, VGG-16, and InceptionV3 is utilized in this paper. This fusion technique enhances… More >

Hela Elmannai^1,*, Monia Hamdi¹, Souham Meshoul¹, Amel Ali Alhussan², Manel Ayadi³, Amel Ksibi³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.2, pp. 1429-1457, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.048557 - 20 May 2024

Abstract Glaucoma disease causes irreversible damage to the optical nerve and it has the potential to cause permanent loss of vision. Glaucoma ranks as the second most prevalent cause of permanent blindness. Traditional glaucoma diagnosis requires a highly experienced specialist, costly equipment, and a lengthy wait time. For automatic glaucoma detection, state-of-the-art glaucoma detection methods include a segmentation-based method to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio. Other methods include multi-label segmentation networks and learning-based methods and rely on hand-crafted features. Localizing the optic disc (OD) is one of the key features in retinal images for detecting retinal diseases,… More >

Jahanzaib Latif¹, Shanshan Tu^1,*, Chuangbai Xiao¹, Anas Bilal², Sadaqat Ur Rehman³, Zohaib Ahmad⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.1, pp. 1151-1172, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040152 - 08 June 2023

Abstract Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that can lead to blindness if left untreated. Early detection is crucial to prevent vision loss, but current manual scanning methods are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized expertise. This study presents a novel approach to Glaucoma detection using the Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimized Support Vector Machine (EGWO-SVM) method. The proposed method involves preprocessing steps such as removing image noise using the adaptive median filter (AMF) and feature extraction using the previously processed speeded-up robust feature (SURF), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and Global features. The enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization More >

Somasundaram Devaraj^*, Senthil Kumar Arunachalam

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1283-1299, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033200 - 05 January 2023

Abstract Retinal fundus images are used to discover many diseases. Several Machine learning algorithms are designed to identify the Glaucoma disease. But the accuracy and time consumption performance were not improved. To address this problem Max Pool Convolution Neural Kuan Filtered Tobit Regressive Segmentation based Radial Basis Image Classifier (MPCNKFTRS-RBIC) Model is used for detecting the Glaucoma and Stargardt’s disease by early period using higher accuracy and minimal time. In MPCNKFTRS-RBIC Model, the retinal fundus image is considered as an input which is preprocessed in hidden layer 1 using weighted adaptive Kuan filter. Then, preprocessed retinal… More >

R. Praveena^*, T. R. GaneshBabu

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 69-86, 2021, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2021.014622 - 09 April 2021

Abstract The cup nerve head, optic cup, optic disc ratio and neural rim configuration are observed as important for detecting glaucoma at an early stage in clinical practice. The main clinical indicator of glaucoma optic cup to disc ratio is currently determined manually by limiting the mass screening was potential. This paper proposes the following methods for an automatic cup to disc ratio determination. In the first part of the work, fundus image of the optic disc region is considered. Clustering means K is used automatically to extract the optic disc whereas K-value is automatically selected… More >