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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of a Waste Cotton–Based Graft-Modified Polymer in Shale Gas Water-Based Drilling Fluids: Rheological Regulation, Filtration Control, and Mechanism

    Feng Dai1, Jiajun Xie1, Yingmin Liu1, De Heng1, Yinfu Han2,3, Shanshan Hou2,3,*

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.43, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2026.080437 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract With the increasing emphasis on green, low-carbon, and sustainable development in shale gas drilling fluids, the utilization of waste biomass resources to develop high-performance drilling fluid additives has emerged as an important research direction that balances engineering requirements with environmental responsibility. In this study, waste cotton–derived polyanionic cellulose (bio-PAC) was employed as the base material, and sulfonate and carboxylate functional groups were introduced via free-radical graft copolymerization to synthesize a modified cellulose polymer, PAC-g-(sodium vinyl sulfonate, SVS/sodium methallyl sulfonate, SMAS/methacrylic acid, MAA). Structural characterization confirmed the successful grafting of the target functional groups onto the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mechanical Performance and Deformation Mechanisms of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures under Quasi-Static Compression and Finite Element Analysis

    Izzat bin Mat Samudin1, Muhammad Adam Johan bin Muhammad Affindy1, Quanjin Ma2, Nabilah Afiqah binti Mohd Radzuan1,*

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.43, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2026.077219 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract Lattice structures fabricated through additive manufacturing (AM) offer exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, as their geometries allow them to carry high loads with far less material than solid components. When paired with polylactic acid (PLA), they combine biodegradability with ease of processing, allowing the structures to be produced efficiently while also offering an environmentally friendly material option. However, comparative studies across different lattice types under uniform conditions remain limited, as many existing studies only focus on a single geometry type. Therefore, this study investigates the compressive performance of PLA lattice structures, which include body-centered cubic (BCC), honeycomb… More > Graphic Abstract

    Mechanical Performance and Deformation Mechanisms of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures under Quasi-Static Compression and Finite Element Analysis

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Phase Field Study of Ferroelastic Toughening Mechanisms of Polycrystalline t-YSZ

    Zhou Fang#, Jiaqi Zhong#, Jun Luo*, Yuanzun Sun

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.081333 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract The t phase of yttria-stabilized zirconia (t-YSZ) is the most extensively used top coat material in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Its relatively high fracture toughness is among the most important factors that enable t-YSZ to stand out from other candidate ceramics. Unveiling the toughening mechanisms of t-YSZ is conducive to the development of next-generation top-coat materials. In this paper, a coupled phase field model is proposed to study crack growth and domain evolution in polycrystalline t-YSZ. Two distinct polycrystal microstructures are considered to investigate the impact of the initial domain structure on the toughening behavior. In Polycrystal I,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    FBAM: A Frequency-Based Attention Mechanism for Enhanced Image-Based Malware Detection

    Anis Elgarduh1, Anazida Zainal1, Fuad A. Ghaleb2, Sultan Noman Qasem3,*, Abdullah M. Albarrak3, Faisal Saeed2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.080862 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract The rapid growth and increasing sophistication of malware pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based malware image classification methods have emerged as a promising approach by transforming binary files into visual representations and enabling automated feature extraction. To enhance discriminative learning, recent studies have incorporated attention mechanisms originally developed for natural image and natural language processing tasks. However, these mechanisms embed inductive biases that assume spatial coherence and visually salient semantics, assumptions that do not necessarily hold in malware image representations, where informative patterns may be subtle, structurally encoded, and globally… More > Graphic Abstract

    FBAM: A Frequency-Based Attention Mechanism for Enhanced Image-Based Malware Detection

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Computationally Efficient Gradient-Aware Hyperspectral Image Denoising Using Center-Difference Convolutional Networks

    Mahmood Ashraf1,2, Nuha Zamzami3, Shtwai Alsubai4, Raed Alharthi5, Muhammad Umer6,*, Yunyoung Nam7, Yongwon Cho7,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.078738 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract Hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising is a crucial preprocessing step that significantly enhances the performance of downstream applications, such as object detection and classification. Whereas deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in HSI denoising, many existing models rely mostly on vanilla convolutions, which often fail to capture fine-grained noise patterns and structural details in real-time HSIs. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Center-Difference Convolutional Network (CDCN) designed to effectively suppress various noise types while preserving the inherent structure of HSIs. By leveraging center-difference convolution (CDC), our model captures both gradient and intensity information… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mechanisms and Controlling Factors of Displacement-Front Evolution during Chemical Flooding in High Water-Cut Reservoirs

    Dejun Wu1,2,*, Chunlei Yu1, Xuan Lu1, Deshuo Tao1, Xiaoning Li1, Hao Song3

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.084484 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract To address the short peak-production period and limited incremental recovery commonly encountered during chemical flooding of high water-cut reservoirs, this study investigates the dynamic evolution of displacement fronts and their controlling factors through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Two-dimensional plate flooding experiments were first conducted to characterize the evolution of the oil bank in homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs, revealing a four-stage process of formation, enrichment, mobilization, and residual depletion. Based on water-cut behavior, the flooding process was further classified into early-response, peak-response, and late-response stages. A three-dimensional heterogeneous reservoir model was subsequently developed to quantify… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Hydrodynamic Mechanisms, Fluid–Structure Interaction, and Material Selection in Underwater Bio-Inspired Robots: A Review

    Hao Jiang1, Lucheng Sun2, Liguo Shuai1,*, Zhihan Li3,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.082152 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract Underwater bio-inspired robots have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional propeller-driven autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles because of their potential for high propulsive efficiency, superior maneuverability, reduced acoustic signatures, and enhanced environmental adaptability. Unlike rigid propellers operating under approximately steady inflow conditions, bio-inspired propulsion relies on strongly unsteady hydrodynamic mechanisms, including vortex generation and shedding, added-mass effects, boundary-layer evolution, and flexible fluid–structure interaction (FSI). These processes fundamentally govern thrust production, energy conversion, and maneuvering performance, yet a systematic synthesis connecting hydrodynamic mechanisms with engineering implementation remains limited. This review addresses that gap… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Injection Damage in Tight Oil Reservoirs: Coupled Scaling and Fouling Mechanisms

    Yong Wang1,2, Qingqing Cao3, Changhao Yan2, Xinyu Tang2,3, Dingxue Zhang1,*, Jingyi Zhu3,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.075131 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract Injection damage in the M tight oil reservoir is controlled by the coupled effects of inorganic scaling and organic fouling at the pore scale. To clarify the governing mechanisms, this study combines long-duration core flooding, water-chemistry compatibility analysis, and thermodynamic scale prediction with NMR T2 spectroscopy, mercury intrusion capillary pressure, SEM-EDS characterization, and factor-controlled microfluidic visualization that reproduces reservoir pore geometry and wettability. Core flooding tests reveal permeability reductions of 61 to 73 percent after 12 to 24 hours of injection, indicating progressive contraction of effective flow channels. NMR T2 spectra demonstrate strong pore-size selectivity: small… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Structural Design and Control of the Intelligent Hook for Horizontal Rotating Flexible Lifting Straps

    Mingliang Yang1, Yuyu Miao1,*, Xijun Xu2, Heng Yang1, Dong Qing1, Keyuan Zhao1

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.078754 - 30 June 2026

    Abstract The autonomous grasping of flexible slings is a pivotal challenge for unmanned crane systems, primarily stemming from the slings’ geometric indeterminacy, material compliance under load, and stochastic initial pose relative to the hook. To address this challenge, we propose an intelligent hook system featuring a novel compound mechanical architecture. This architecture integrates a horizontal slewing mechanism for in-plane alignment with a self-locking worm-gear drive for secure grasping. A coordinated control strategy, employing a Fuzzy PID algorithm, ensures robust dynamic performance under variable loading conditions. Finite element analysis confirms structural integrity under a rated load of More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Role of Nitric Oxide in Mitigating Cadmium Stress in Plants: Mechanisms and Perspectives

    Mohammad Reza Boorboori1,2, Haiyang Zhang1,2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.082409 - 29 June 2026

    Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant released from various human activities including industrial production and agricultural practices. This pollutant adversely affects plant physiology by damaging root systems, inhibiting photosynthesis, and inducing oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review highlights the critical role of nitric oxide (NO) as a key signaling molecule that enhances plant tolerance to cadmium stress. The application of exogenous NO effectively alleviates Cd toxicity by stimulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), scavenging harmful ROS, and preventing membrane More >

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