Yazhi Zheng^1,2, Xiaolong Cui^1,*, Xin Wang^1,2,#, Xuanzhu Sheng^1,2,#

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.084480 - 15 September 2026

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) currently lack the robust command and decision-making (C&D) capabilities essential for the command and control domain. To address this critical gap, this paper proposes an emergence mechanism that integrates a domain-specialized Chain of Thought (CoT) framework with a Process Reward Model (PRM)-inspired evaluation and inference-time optimization paradigm. We construct a novel Chain of Command and Decision (CoCD) framework, a C2-specific CoT structure with contextual persistence, knowledge accumulation, and a human-in-the-loop feedback loop, and define a four-dimensional PRM-inspired evaluation framework for process-level assessment of C&D reasoning. Experimental evaluations on 40 C&D scenarios… More >

Xiangyang Wang^1,#, Ying Wu^2,3,#, Yutong Fu^3,4, Ejakpovi Emmanuel Oghenefejiro^2,3, Zakari Shaibu³, Cunxi Li⁵, Qi Zhou⁶, Liang Yin^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.087144 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with progression and therapy resistance heavily influenced by the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, overall survival for advanced disease remains poor, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms. A hallmark of the TME is metabolic reprogramming, which sustains tumor growth and actively shapes an immunosuppressive landscape. This review aims to detail the coordinated metabolic adaptations of GC cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells within the TME, focusing on nutrient competition, immunosuppressive… More >

Mariagrazia Piscione^1,*, Barbara Pala^2,3,*, Francesco Cribari³, Paola Gualtieri⁴, Dario Gaudio⁵, Marco Alfonso Perrone⁶, Laura Di Renzo⁴

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079215 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Cholesterol metabolism is central to cancer biology, influencing tumour initiation, progression, and therapeutic response, while contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk observed in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between circulating cholesterol levels and cancer risk have yielded conflicting results, reflecting substantial biological heterogeneity, tumour-specific metabolic demands, and methodological biases such as reverse causality. At the cellular level, malignant cells exhibit elevated cholesterol uptake and synthesis to sustain membrane biogenesis, lipid raft-dependent oncogenic signalling, and rapid proliferation. Cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives further modulate inflammation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and key signalling pathways. Anticancer therapies… More >

Abbas Hussain^1,*, Daniel Thomas Jones², Rishi Kumar Nanda³, Ramaditya Srinivasmurthy⁴, Jason Ta⁵, Yin Mon Myat⁶, Riccesha Hattin¹, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas⁷, Sisi Tian⁷, Suparna Shah⁷, Robert Wang⁷, Kyaw Zin Thein⁸

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077918 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) remains difficult to treat despite multimodal therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have expanded treatment options, but phase III trials combining ICIs with chemoradiotherapy have demonstrated limited survival benefit due to complex resistance mechanisms. These include immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, impaired DNA damage responses, hypoxia-driven adaptations, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogenic signaling via the HER receptor family. This review outlines key resistance pathways and emerging strategies to overcome them. Nanotechnology-based approaches may enhance drug delivery and modulate the tumor microenvironment, while dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), More >

Baocheng Shi^1,2,*, Minyi Yang², Zhibin Wang¹, Qing Yuan², Jiang Bian², Yajun Deng², Kai Liu²

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.087023 - 04 September 2026

Abstract This study investigates the erosion behavior of metal mesh sand-control screens under representative operating conditions and develops an empirical model for predicting erosion rate and screen service life. Single-layer metal mesh screens were tested using a Multifunctional Spin Hydrodynamics (MSH) rotating apparatus under systematically varied liquid velocity, sand concentration, and particle impact angle. The influence of each operating parameter on erosion was quantified using a one-factor-at-a-time experimental design, while the underlying wear mechanisms were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The results show that liquid velocity is the dominant factor controlling erosion, More >

Bo Zhang^1,2,3,4, Guosheng Ai^1,2,3,4, Junlin Wu⁴, Mingyi Zhang^1,2,3,4, Xinqing Zhang^5,*, Cong Li^1,2,3,4, Xuanwei Zhang^1,2,3,4, Na Li^1,2,3,4, Limin Yuan^1,2,3,4

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.086215 - 04 September 2026

Abstract This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics, particle deposition behavior, and plugging mechanisms of produced fluids from drainage-gas recovery wells in high-salinity gas reservoirs, using a representative well from the Tarim Oilfield as a case study for a broad class of production systems affected by liquid-phase pipeline plugging. A comprehensive experimental methodology was adopted, combining physicochemical characterization, filtration and static sedimentation experiments, dynamic deposition tests, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This combined experimental approach was employed to identify the dominant deposition mechanisms and determine the particle-size fractions most… More >

Zeliang Liang^1,2, Jia Tan^1,*, Jiachao She², Fengnian Wang², Yi Wang², Donghao Li³, Rugang Duan³, Haotian Chu⁴

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.078050 - 31 August 2026

Abstract Significant wettability differences between proppants and coal matrices in deep coal reservoirs limit gas–water mass transfer, a key factor for coalbed methane recovery. This study develops a hybrid wettability fracture model using in-situ data, coupling Navier–Stokes equations with a phase-field method to simulate multi-scale gas–water flow. A random wettability mapping technique captures spatial heterogeneity. The critical capillary number (Ca)-balancing capillary and viscous forces-serves as the key threshold governing flow pathways. At low Ca, capillary forces dominate, causing liquid film aggregation and gas blockage; at high Ca, viscous forces break films and open pathways. Wettability gradients drive asynchronous More >

C. A. Bindyashree¹, Chitra G.², Syed Muzamil Basha³, Hamed Taherdoost^{4,5,6,7,8,9,*}

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084451 - 30 August 2026

Abstract In the present times, Transformation finance has become a prominent approach for a systematic financial channel to facilitate the step-by-step decarbonization of carbon-intensive sectors. Such mechanisms rely on the accuracy of carbon emissions data to measure environmental performance and to inform capital decisions. The current carbon accounting methods are limited by inadequate data-collection provisions, slow verification processes, and low auditability, which undermine the reliability of emission-reduction claims and constrain the effectiveness of carbon asset markets. In the present research work, a blockchain-based framework is proposed that will create reliable carbon data accounting and facilitate structured… More >

Chao Mi^1,*, Shimeng Li¹, Xuetao Yang², Jinxiong Wang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.085115 - 28 August 2026

Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) is the primary oil crop in Xizang. However, its loosely branched structure hinders mechanical harvesting. Improvement in plant architecture is necessary to align with industrial development; however, research on branch angle in rapeseed is limited. The branch angle of compact plant type (S) was smaller than that of the dispersed plant type (F). RNA sequencing and targeted metabolome analyses of branch angles of both plant types were assessed at different branch sites. In the S plant type, IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) contents were significantly higher than those in F at the five stem… More >

Alexey E. Shkuro^1,*, Artyom V. Artyomov², Victor G. Buryndin², Anna S. Ershova², Tatyana V. Yakubova³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2026.02025-0194 - 26 August 2026

Abstract Binder-free lignocellulosic boards and molded composites are gaining momentum as low-emission alternatives to conventional wood-based panels because they exploit intrinsic self-bonding of biomass under hot pressing. This review critically analyzes structure-formation pathways in binder-free composites, focusing on (i) thermo-mechanical softening and flow of lignin as a natural adhesive phase, (ii) auto-hydrolysis of hemicelluloses generating organic acids and reactive furanic intermediates, and (iii) subsequent condensation and crosslinking reactions that consolidate the network. We compare process routes historically associated with Masonite-type fiber processing and Lignoplast-type direct compaction, highlighting how moisture, temperature, pressure, sealing degree, and particle morphology More >