Kuncham Sreenivasa Rao¹, Rajitha Kotoju², B. Ramana Reddy³, Taher Al-Shehari⁴, Nasser A. Alsadhan⁵, Subhav Singh^6,7,8, Shitharth Selvarajan^9,10,11,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.1, pp. 1899-1916, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064728 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Protecting Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition-Industrial Internet of Things (SCADA-IIoT) systems against intruders has become essential since industrial control systems now oversee critical infrastructure, and cyber attackers more frequently target these systems. Due to their connection of physical assets with digital networks, SCADA-IIoT systems face substantial risks from multiple attack types, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), spoofing, and more advanced intrusion methods. Previous research in this field faces challenges due to insufficient solutions, as current intrusion detection systems lack the necessary accuracy, scalability, and adaptability needed for IIoT environments. This paper introduces CyberFortis, a… More >

Sunil K. Singh¹, Sudhakar Kumar^1,*, Manraj Singh¹, Savita Gupta², Razaz Waheeb Attar³, Varsha Arya^4,5, Ahmed Alhomoud⁶, Brij B. Gupta^7,8,9

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3927-3941, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059643 - 03 July 2025

Abstract As quantum computing continues to advance, traditional cryptographic methods are increasingly challenged, particularly when it comes to securing critical systems like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. These systems are essential for monitoring and controlling industrial operations, making their security paramount. A key threat arises from Shor’s algorithm, a powerful quantum computing tool that can compromise current hash functions, leading to significant concerns about data integrity and confidentiality. To tackle these issues, this article introduces a novel Quantum-Resistant Hash Algorithm (QRHA) known as the Modular Hash Learning Algorithm (MHLA). This algorithm is meticulously crafted… More >

Ana María Peco Chacón, Isaac Segovia Ramírez, Fausto Pedro García Márquez^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 2595-2608, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.037277 - 11 September 2023

Abstract Maintenance operations have a critical influence on power generation by wind turbines (WT). Advanced algorithms must analyze large volume of data from condition monitoring systems (CMS) to determine the actual working conditions and avoid false alarms. This paper proposes different support vector machine (SVM) algorithms for the prediction and detection of false alarms. K-Fold cross-validation (CV) is applied to evaluate the classification reliability of these algorithms. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data from an operating WT are applied to test the proposed approach. The results from the quadratic SVM showed an accuracy rate of More >

R. Vanalakshmi¹, S. Maragathasundari^1,*, M. Kameswari¹, B. Balamurugan², C. Swedheetha³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.2, pp. 1399-1419, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.038506 - 21 June 2023

Abstract Queuing models are used to assess the functionality and aesthetics of SCADA systems for supervisory control and data collection. Here, the main emphasis is on how the queuing theory can be used in the system’s design and analysis. The analysis’s findings indicate that by using queuing models, cost-performance ratios close to the ideal might be attained. This article discusses a novel methodology for evaluating the service-oriented survivability of SCADA systems. In order to evaluate the state of service performance and the system’s overall resilience, the framework applies queuing theory to an analytical model. As a More >

Yuhan Liu, Yuqiao Zheng^*, Zhuang Ma, Cang Wu

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.5, pp. 1223-1237, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.026329 - 20 February 2023

Abstract An operating condition recognition approach of wind turbine spindle is proposed based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) normal data drive. Firstly, the SCADA raw data of wind turbine under full working conditions are cleaned and feature extracted. Then the spindle speed is employed as the output parameter, and the single and combined normal behavior model of the wind turbine spindle is constructed sequentially with the pre-processed data, with the evaluation indexes selected as the optimal model. Finally, calculating the spindle operation status index according to the sliding window principle, ascertaining the threshold value More >

Basant Tomar^*, Narendra Kumar, Mini Sreejeth

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1495-1516, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.030635 - 03 November 2022

Abstract Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems play a critical role in the management and regulation of critical infrastructure. SCADA systems brings us closer to the real-time application world. All process and equipment control capability is typically provided by a Distributed Control System (DCS) in industries such as power stations, agricultural systems, chemical and water treatment plants. Instead of control through DCS, this paper proposes a SCADA and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system to control the ratio control division and the assembly line division inside the chemical plant. A specific… More >

Tingshun Li¹, Jiaohui Xu^1,*, Zesan Liu², Dadi Wang², Wen Tan¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.2, pp. 767-782, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020702 - 31 August 2022

Abstract The blades of wind turbines located at high latitudes are often covered with ice in late autumn and winter, where this affects their capacity for power generation as well as their safety. Accurately identifying the icing of the blades of wind turbines in remote areas is thus important, and a general model is needed to this end. This paper proposes a universal model based on a Deep Neural Network (DNN) that uses data from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Two datasets from SCADA are first preprocessed through undersampling, that is, they are… More >

C. K. Morarji^1,*, N. Sathish Kumar²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 2875-2892, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.025776 - 17 August 2022

Abstract One of the recent advancements in the electrical power systems is the smart-grid technology. For the effective functioning of the smart grid, the process like monitoring and controlling have to be given importance. In this paper, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is utilized for tracking the power in smart grid applications. The smart grid is used to produce the electricity and it is connected with the sensor to transmit or receive the data. The data is transmitted quickly by using the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), which aids in identifying the shortest path of the nodes. More >

Ishu Tomar^*, Indu Sreedevi, Neeta Pandey

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 1403-1421, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.028163 - 19 July 2022

Abstract This paper proposes to adopt SCADA and PLC technology for the improvement of the performance of real time signaling & train control systems in metro railways. The main concern of this paper is to minimize the failure in automated metro railways system operator and integrate the information coming from Operational Control Centre (OCC), traction SCADA system, traction power control, and power supply system. This work presents a simulated prototype of an automated metro train system operator that uses PLC and SCADA for the real time monitoring and control of the metro railway systems. Here, SCADA… More >

Samuel Bimenyimana¹, Chen Wang^1,*, Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota², Aphrodis Nduwamungu², Francis Mulolani⁶, Jean De Dieu Niyonteze⁸, Shilpi Bora^1,7, Chun-Ling Ho¹, Noel Hagumimana³, Theobald Habineza⁴, Waqar Bashir⁵, Yiyi Mo¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.119, No.6, pp. 2369-2406, 2022, DOI:10.32604/ee.2022.019257 - 14 September 2022

Abstract The world’s energy consumption and power generation demand will continue to rise. Furthermore, the bulk of the energy resources needed to satisfy the rising demand is far from the load centers. The aforementioned requires long-distance transmission systems and one way to accomplish this is to use high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. The main technical issues for HVDC transmission systems are loss of synchronism, variation of quadrature currents, amplitude, the inability of station 1 (rectifier), and station 2 (inverter) to either inject, or absorb active, or reactive power in the network in any circumstances… More >