Qianshu Yang, Shuangxi Liu^*, Xianyu Wu, Wei Zhao

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079895 - 08 May 2026

Abstract Path planning for unmanned systems in complex environments must simultaneously satisfy safety, kinematic feasibility, and real-time performance requirements. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) offers advantages such as model-free operation, strong interpretability, and anytime planning capability, but it suffers from large branching factors, excessive search depths, and poor convergence under sparse reward conditions in high-dimensional state spaces. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Heuristic Rolling Monte Carlo Tree Search (HRMCTS) framework. First, the path planning problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process, where the state consists of position and heading, and actions… More >

Gaeul Kim¹, Dohoon Kim^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078931 - 08 May 2026

Abstract Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) is an operational system where manned and unmanned systems perform missions through a collaboration interface, expanding beyond defense into civilian domains. The core of MUM-T lies in the organic interaction between manned and unmanned systems. The Collaboration Interface enabling this interaction becomes a primary target for cyber attacks due to its reliance on wireless networks. Compromising the reliability of the collaboration interface goes beyond simple communication failures; it directly leads to mission failure and aircraft safety issues. Therefore, systematic threat analysis and assessment tailored to this specific domain are essential. This study… More >

Manh-Tuan Ha¹, Nhu-Nghia Bui², Dinh-Quy Vu^1,*, Thai-Viet Dang^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078280 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The development of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) has become a key focus in marine robotics, fueling the need for navigation systems capable of performing complex and delicate tasks with speed and precision. However, the end-to-end path tracking process often encounters challenges in learning efficiency, and generalization, and varying environmental conditions. To achieve sample-efficient and robust USV navigation in dynamic maritime environments, the paper proposes a novel hierarchical multi-view latent imitation learning (IL) architecture. By formulating a latent IL objective, the framework disentangles diverse navigation modalities through continuous variables, preventing mode collapse and enhancing behavioral adaptability… More >

Miklós Molnár^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.077825 - 08 May 2026

Abstract This article presents a particular tree covering technique. To cover a set of nodes belonging to an unknown tree, a set of connected small Steiner trees is proposed. These Steiner trees can be represented as hyperedges, and a chain or tree of hyperedges provides the cover. The model allows the calculation of approximate (partial) spanning trees in graphs. The idea of covering a set of nodes by hyperedges can be used directly in Steiner heuristics. The NP-hard Steiner problem in graphs is one of the most studied graph-related problems. Several heuristics are known to give More >

Hongxin Zhang^#,*, Yi Zhang^#, Jiyun Tang^*, Lei Yao

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.080521 - 07 May 2026

Abstract Traditional parallel straight microchannels are limited by low heat flux density and non-uniform flow distribution. From a system optimization perspective, incorporating surface grooves provides an effective means to enhance solid-liquid interaction and improve overall performance. Using water as the working fluid, this study numerically investigates the coupled effects of inlet flow rate, groove number, and groove spacing on the thermo-hydraulic behavior of groove-type microchannel heat sinks. The results reveal a fundamental trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and hydraulic resistance. Increasing coolant velocity significantly improves heat dissipation, but also raises the pressure drop, affecting pumping power… More >

Liang Yin^1,*, Youjia Gao², Jie Ding¹, Sichao Su¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.079847 - 07 May 2026

Abstract To address the thermal management challenges associated with localized high heat flux in electronic chips, this study proposes a bionic spider-web microchannel heat sink using deionized water as the coolant. Numerical simulations are conducted for two configurations, one with pinfins at the hotspot (Model A) and one without pinfins (Model B). The effects of Reynolds number and hotspot heat flux on flow distribution, pumping power, thermal resistance and temperature uniformity are systematically analyzed. Results show that the flow distribution varies significantly among channels, with higher flow rates near the inlet. Increasing the Reynolds number raises More >

Jiangbo Wu^*, Xi Song, Ke Yang, Heyao Sun

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.079762 - 07 May 2026

Abstract To investigate transient flow instabilities in parallel-channel regenerative cooling systems subjected to nonuniform heat flux, a three-dimensional transient numerical model was developed to couple variations in supercritical fluid thermophysical properties with endothermic pyrolysis kinetics. The spatiotemporal evolution of RP-3 fuel within parallel channels was analyzed, and the role of a midstream interconnection structure in mitigating flow maldistribution was clarified. During the initial heating stage, the viscosity reduction of the supercritical fuel produced a drag-reduction effect that temporarily maintained a nearly uniform flow distribution. As the wall temperature increased and the pseudocritical region approached, the sharp… More >

Jian Li^1,2,*, Kexiang Wen¹, Jian Wei¹, Dengke Wen¹, Ruihao Sun¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.078680 - 07 May 2026

Abstract The effective management of gas–liquid two-phase flow, emerging within the microchannels of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) during operations, is crucial for improving energy conversion efficiency. In this study, the influence of surface wettability is examined for hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions through a visualization-based experimental setup focused on single-droplet dynamics. The impact of key parameters on droplet behavior is systematically explored, while the mechanisms underlying the observed flow patterns are elucidated and the coupling among governing physical factors is clarified. The results show that, under comparable conditions, hydrophobic surfaces exhibit larger advancing contact angles More >

Lyu Guanghua¹, Dingxiao Jiao², Abdulrahman AlKassem³, Dakan Ying¹, Rizwan Arshad¹, Jiahua Ni¹, Zhe Liu¹, Syed Hadi Hussain Shah^1,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.077648 - 07 May 2026

Abstract Desert photovoltaic, PV, installations experience significant efficiency losses due to dust accumulation, which also promotes localized overheating, known as hotspots, caused by uneven solar irradiance and partial cell shading. These hotspots can accelerate material degradation and increase the risk of permanent panel damage. This study presents an autonomous maintenance strategy based on a cooperative swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, enabling contactless dust removal and active hotspot cooling. The approach combines high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics to characterize aerodynamic downwash for effective dust detachment with fluid–structure interaction analysis to verify the structural integrity of PV panels… More >

Wei Dong¹, Baoqi Guo², Weiwei Zhao², Hui Jian², Zhenzong He^2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.075848 - 30 April 2026

Abstract This study explores the design of a tapered cathode flow channel in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), leveraging artificial intelligence and multi-objective optimization techniques to attain an optimal configuration. First, the influence of the channel height ratio and mass flow rate on PEMFC performance was systematically examined. The results reveal that decreasing the height ratio and increasing the mass flow rate lead to reduction in the standard deviation of current density, accompanied by a monotonic rise in pressure drop. The average current density initially rises before exhibiting a slight decline. Subsequently, a surrogate… More >