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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Intelligent Vehicle Lane-Changing Strategy through Polynomial and Game Theory

    Buwei Dang, Huanming Chen*, Heng Zhang, Jixian Wang, Jian Zhou

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 2003-2023, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062653 - 16 April 2025

    Abstract This paper introduces a lane-changing strategy aimed at trajectory planning and tracking control for intelligent vehicles navigating complex driving environments. A fifth-degree polynomial is employed to generate a set of potential lane-changing trajectories in the Frenet coordinate system. These trajectories are evaluated using non-cooperative game theory, considering the interaction between the target vehicle and its surroundings. Models considering safety payoffs, speed payoffs, comfort payoffs, and aggressiveness are formulated to obtain a Nash equilibrium solution. This way, collision avoidance is ensured, and an optimal lane change trajectory is planned. Three game scenarios are discussed, and the More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Squeeze and Excitation Module for Security Authentication Using Wireless Channel

    Xiaoying Qiu1,*, Xiaoyu Ma1, Guangxu Zhao1, Jinwei Yu2, Wenbao Jiang1, Zhaozhong Guo1, Maozhi Xu3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 2025-2040, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061869 - 16 April 2025

    Abstract Physical layer authentication (PLA) in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention. Compared with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies, PLA provides a more computationally efficient alternative to exploiting the properties of the wireless medium itself. Some existing PLA solutions rely on static mechanisms, which are insufficient to address the authentication challenges in fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. Additionally, with the massive increase in mobile device access, the communication security of the IoT is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. To overcome the above challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight deep More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for Delta Robots Based on Digital Twin and Deep Reinforcement Learning

    Hongxiao Wang1, Hongshen Liu1, Dingsen Zhang1,*, Ziye Zhang1, Yonghui Yue1, Jie Chen2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1987-2001, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060384 - 16 April 2025

    Abstract Despite its immense potential, the application of digital twin technology in real industrial scenarios still faces numerous challenges. This study focuses on industrial assembly lines in sectors such as microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, and food packaging, where precision and speed are paramount, applying digital twin technology to the robotic assembly process. The innovation of this research lies in the development of a digital twin architecture and system for Delta robots that is suitable for real industrial environments. Based on this system, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm for obstacle avoidance path planning in Delta robots has been developed, More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Gait Planning, and Motion Control Methods for Quadruped Robots: Achieving High Environmental Adaptability: A Review

    Sheng Dong*, Feihu Fan, Yinuo Chen, Shangpeng Guo, Jiayu Liu

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 1-50, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.062113 - 11 April 2025

    Abstract Legged robots have always been a focal point of research for scholars domestically and internationally. Compared to other types of robots, quadruped robots exhibit superior balance and stability, enabling them to adapt effectively to diverse environments and traverse rugged terrains. This makes them well-suited for applications such as search and rescue, exploration, and transportation, with strong environmental adaptability, high flexibility, and broad application prospects. This paper discusses the current state of research on quadruped robots in terms of development status, gait trajectory planning methods, motion control strategies, reinforcement learning applications, and control algorithm integration. It More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Cymbocarpum widemannii and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, DNA Damaging Activities

    Mehmet Fidan1, Behcet Inal2,*, Mesut Sırrı3, Bülent Hallaç4, Ulutas Mehmet Sefa1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 781-791, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062171 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract The use of conventional herbal medicines is a rapidly expanding phenomenon in developed nations. For instance, 30%–50% of all drug use in China is attributed to traditional herbal preparations. Current study evaluated the antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP), total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activity, and DNA damage protective potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts and roots of Cymbocarpum wiedemannii Boiss., an endemic plant in Turkey. In antioxidant analyses, the methanolic extract of the aerial parts showed the highest %DPPH (73.38) and IC50 (3.46 mg/mL) values. The FRAP analysis revealed the highest iron-reducing… More > Graphic Abstract

    Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of <i>Cymbocarpum widemannii</i> and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, DNA Damaging Activities

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exogenous Application of Hesperidin Ameliorates Chromium Toxicity in Wheat Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

    Gohar Ayoub1, Shafaqat Ali1,2,*, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf 3,4, Shoaib Ahmad5, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh6

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 929-951, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059288 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies; hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Bilevel Planning of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation and Energy Storage: A Case Study on the Modified IEEE 33-Bus System

    Haoyuan Li, Lingling Li*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1337-1358, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060105 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Rational distribution network planning optimizes power flow distribution, reduces grid stress, enhances voltage quality, promotes renewable energy utilization, and reduces costs. This study establishes a distribution network planning model incorporating distributed wind turbines (DWT), distributed photovoltaics (DPV), and energy storage systems (ESS). K-means++ is employed to partition the distribution network based on electrical distance. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of distributed generation (DG) outputs in the same region, a joint output model of DWT and DPV is developed using the Frank-Copula. Due to the model’s high dimensionality, multiple constraints, and mixed-integer characteristics, bilevel programming theory is… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Surface Tension on the Dynamics of an Oscillating Interface in a Vertical Slotted Channel

    Veronika Dyakova1,2,*, Olga Vlasova1, Victor Kozlov1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 493-508, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.060577 - 01 April 2025

    Abstract An experimental investigation of the dynamics of the interface between two low-viscosity fluids with high density contrast oscillating in a fixed vertical slotted channel has been conducted. It has been found that as the amplitude of the liquid column oscillations increases, parametric oscillations of the interface are excited in the form of a standing wave located in the channel plane. In particular, depending on the interfacial tension, the standing waves have a frequency equal to that of liquid piston oscillations (harmonic response), or half of the frequency of oscillations of the liquid column in the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Characterization of Pore Structure and Simulation of Pore-Scale Flow in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs

    Min Feng*, Long Wang, Lei Sun, Bo Yang, Wei Wang, Jianning Luo, Yan Wang, Ping Liu

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 573-587, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056421 - 01 April 2025

    Abstract This study sheds light on how pore structure characteristics and varying dynamic pressure conditions influence the permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs, with a particular focus on the Paleozoic reservoirs in the Qingshimao Gas Field. Using CT scans of natural core samples, a three-dimensional digital core was constructed. The maximum ball method was applied to extract a related pore network model, and the pore structure characteristics of the core samples, such as pore radius, throat radius, pore volume, and coordination number, were quantitatively evaluated. The analysis revealed a normally distributed pore radius, suggesting a high degree… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fine-Grained Point Cloud Intensity Correction Modeling Method Based on Mobile Laser Scanning

    Xu Liu1, Qiujie Li1,*, Youlin Xu1, Musaed Alhussein2, Khursheed Aurangzeb2,*, Fa Zhu1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 575-593, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062445 - 26 March 2025

    Abstract The correction of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) intensity data is of great significance for enhancing its application value. However, traditional intensity correction methods based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology rely on manual site setup to collect intensity training data at different distances and incidence angles, which is noisy and limited in sample quantity, restricting the improvement of model accuracy. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a fine-grained intensity correction modeling method based on Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) technology. The method utilizes the continuous scanning characteristics of MLS technology to obtain dense point… More >

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