I. Putu Mahendra^*, Kartika Dinita

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1369-1382, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053001

Abstract TEMPO/NaOCl/NaBr treatment significantly increased the number of negative charges on the cellulose surface. Two concentrations of NaOCl, 5 and 30 mmol/g of cellulose, were used in this study. The number of carboxyl groups in the two cellulosic samples oxidized using TEMPO/NaOCl/NaBr was 0.5160 and 1.8461 mmol/g of cellulose, respectively. The oxidized cellulose samples treated with 5 and 30 mmol/g NaOCl exhibited higher crystallinity, at 81.15% and 80.14%, respectively, compared to untreated cellulose, which had a crystallinity of 75.95%. The pH effect indicated that the highest adsorption capacity for methylene blue was achieved under alkaline conditions… More > Graphic Abstract

Selwin Maria Sekar¹, Rajini Nagarajan^1,*, Ponsuriyaprakash Selvakumar², Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi³, Kumar Krishnan⁴, Faruq Mohammad⁵, Mohammed Rafi Shaik⁵, Nadir Ayrilmis^6,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1455-1474, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052952

Abstract An innovative microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) natural fibre powder-reinforced PLA biocomposite was investigated using the hand lay-up technique. The polymer matrix composite (PMC) samples were prepared by varying the weight percentages (wt.%) of both PLA matrix and MCC reinforcement: pure PLA/100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 wt.%, respectively. From the results obtained, MCC powder, with its impressive aspect ratio, proved to be an ideal reinforcement for the PLA, exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties. It was evident that the 80:20 wt.% biocomposite sample exhibited the maximum improvement in the tensile, flexural, notched impact, compressive strength and hardness… More >

Rudi Dungani^1,*, Mohammad Irfan Bakshi², Tsabita Zahra Hanifa¹, Mustika Dewi¹, Firda A. Syamani², Melbi Mahardika², Widya Fatriasari^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.6, pp. 1057-1069, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049342

Abstract The present work emphasizes the isolation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) from the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) bast through a chemo-mechanical process. In order to develop high CNF yield with superior properties of CNF for improving compatibility in varied applications this method is proposed. The fiber purification involved pulping and bleaching treatments, whereas mechanical treatment was performed by grinding and high-pressure treatments. The kraft pulping as a delignification method followed by bleaching has successfully removed almost 99% lignin in the fiber with high pulp yield and delignification selectivity. The morphology of the fibers was characterized by scanning electron More > Graphic Abstract

Naglaa Salem El‑Sayed, Mohamed Hasanin, Samir Kamel^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 699-720, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049118

Abstract In recent decades, the ozone layer has suffered considerable damage, increasing the entry of ultraviolet (UV) light into the atmosphere and reaching the earth’s surface, negatively affecting life. Accordingly, researchers aimed to solve this problem by synthesizing advanced UV-shielding materials. On the other hand, developing an easy and green strategy to prepare functional materials with outstanding properties based on naturally abundant and environmentally friendly raw materials is highly desirable for sustainable development. Because biomass-derived materials are sustainable and biodegradable, they present a promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The three main structural constituents of the plant More > Graphic Abstract

Md. Munirul Hasan¹, Md Mustafizur Rahman^2,*, Mohammad Saiful Islam³, Wong Hung Chan⁴, Yasser M. Alginahi⁵, Muhammad Nomani Kabir⁶, Suraya Abu Bakar¹, Devarajan Ramasamy²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 537-556, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.047428

Abstract A vehicle engine cooling system is of utmost importance to ensure that the engine operates in a safe temperature range. In most radiators that are used to cool an engine, water serves as a cooling fluid. The performance of a radiator in terms of heat transmission is significantly influenced by the incorporation of nanoparticles into the cooling water. Concentration and uniformity of nanoparticle distribution are the two major factors for the practical use of nanofluids. The shape and size of nanoparticles also have a great impact on the performance of heat transfer. Many researchers are… More > Graphic Abstract

Verônica Távilla Ferreira Silva, Adriane Maria Ferreira Milagres^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 539-551, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.045726

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in purifying and reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose for the production of dissolving pulp. Our goal was to determine the contributions of xylanase (X) and endoglucanase (EG) in the treatment of pulp, specifically by quantifying the formation of soluble and insoluble reducing sugars using the dinitrosalycilic acid (DNS) test. Predominantly, the release of soluble reducing sugars (RSSol) was enhanced after xylanase treatment, while endoglucanase (EG) treatment led to changes in insoluble reducing sugars (RSIns). The maximum synergism was observed for RSIns when a… More > Graphic Abstract

Susi Susi^1,2,*, Makhmudun Ainuri^3,*, Wagiman Wagiman³, Mohammad Affan Fajar Falah³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 513-537, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.045586

Abstract Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is one of the cellulose derivatives produced as a result of the depolymerization of a part of cellulose to achieve high crystallinity. When implemented in other polymers, high crystallinity correlates with greater strength and stiffnes, but it can reduce the water-holding capacity. The acid concentration and hydrolysis time will affect the acquisition of crystallinity and water absorption capacity, both of which have significance as properties of hydrogel filler. The study aimed to evaluate the properties and select the MCC generated from varying the proportion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the appropriate hydrolysis… More > Graphic Abstract

Mingyue Miao^1,#, Fei Wang^1,#, Qing Li¹, Longchen Tao¹, Chenchen Dai¹, Yu Liu¹, Shujuan Han¹, Wenshuai Chen^1,*, Ping Lu^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 443-455, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.030412

Abstract The rheological properties of nanocellulose aqueous suspensions play a critical role in the development of nanocellulose-based bulk materials. High-crystalline, high-aspect ratio, and slender nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were extracted from four biomass resources. The cellulose nanofibrils and nanofibril bundles formed inter-connected networks in the NFC aqueous suspensions. The storage moduli of the suspensions with different concentrations were higher than their corresponding loss moduli. As the concentration increased, the storage and loss modulus of NFC dispersion increased. When the shear rate increased to a certain value, there were differences in the changing trend of the rheological behavior More > Graphic Abstract

M. F. Elkady^1,2,*, E. M. El-Sayed², Mahmoud Samy³, Omneya A. Koriem¹, H. Shokry Hassan^4,5

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 369-380, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.046585

Abstract In this study, green zinc oxide (ZnO)/polypyrrole (Ppy)/cellulose acetate (CA) film has been synthesized via solvent casting. This film was used as supporting material for glucose oxidase (GOx) to sensitize a glucose biosensor. ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared via the green route using olive leaves extract as a reductant. ZnO/Ppy nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer using ferric chloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidizing agent. The produced materials and the composite films were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and… More > Graphic Abstract

Thean Heng Tan¹, Najihah Mohd Hashim², Wageeh Abdulhadi Yehya Dabdawb¹, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi^3,*, Hwei Voon Lee^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 29-43, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.043449

Abstract The study focuses on the development of biocompatible and stable FA-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a potential drug delivery system for targeting folate receptor-positive cancer cells. The FA-functionalized NCCs were synthesized through a series of chemical reactions, resulting in nanoparticles with favorable properties for biomedical applications. The microstructural analysis revealed that the functionalized NCCs maintained their rod-shaped morphology and displayed hydrodynamic diameters suitable for evading the mononuclear phagocytic system while being large enough to target tumor tissues. Importantly, these nanoparticles possessed a negative surface charge, enhancing their stability and repelling potential aggregation. The binding specificity… More > Graphic Abstract