Hao Li¹, Cunlu Zhao², Jinhui Zhou¹, Jun Zhang³, Hui Wang¹, Yanmei Jiao^1,*, Yugang Zhao^4,5,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 507-528, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.063359 - 25 April 2025

Abstract Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology, the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis (NRED) has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy from the salinity gradient energy. However, the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance, especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels, of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion processes. This numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors, including the nanochannel configuration,… More >

Umi Nadrah Hussein¹, Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie^1,*, Norihan Md Arifin², Ioan Pop³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 383-395, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.063023 - 25 April 2025

Abstract This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina, copper, and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water. The analysis considers the effects of suction, magnetic field, and Joule heating over a permeable shrinking disk. A mathematical model is developed and converted to a system of differential equations using similarity transformation which then, solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in Matlab software. The study introduces a novel comparative analysis of alumina-copper-silica and alumina-copper-titania nanofluids, revealing distinct thermal conductivity behaviors and identifying critical suction values necessary for flow stabilization. Dual solutions… More >

Shervin Fateh Khanshir¹, Saeed Dinarvand^2,*, Ramtin Fateh Khanshir³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 663-684, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.060559 - 25 April 2025

Abstract This article aims to model and analyze the heat and fluid flow characteristics of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanofluid within a convergent-divergent shaped microchannel (Two-dimensional). The base fluid, water + CMC (0.5%), is mixed with CuO and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at volume fractions of 0.5% and 1.5%, respectively. The research is conducted through the conjugate usage of experimental and theoretical models to represent more realistic properties of the non-Newtonian nanofluid. Three types of microchannels including straight, divergent, and convergent are considered, all having the same length and identical inlet cross-sectional area. Using ANSYS FLUENT software, Navier-Stokes equations… More > Graphic Abstract

Rabail Tabassum¹, M. Kamran¹, Khalil Ur Rehman^2,*, Wasfi Shatanawi^2,3, Rashid Mehmood⁴

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 577-599, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.059466 - 25 April 2025

Abstract This study aims to elucidate the connection between the shape factor of GO (graphene oxide) nanoparticles and the behavior of blood-based non-aligned, 2-dimensional, incompressible nanofluid flow near stagnation point, under the influence of temperature-dependent viscosity. Appropriate similarity transformations are employed to transform the non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The governing equations are subsequently resolved by utilizing the shooting method. The modified Maxwell model is used to estimate the thermal efficiency of the nanofluid affected by different nanoparticle shapes. The impact of various shapes of GO nanoparticles on the velocity and… More >

Joby Mackolil^1,2, Mahanthesh Basavarajappa^1,3, Giulio Lorenzini^4,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 529-551, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.058702 - 25 April 2025

Abstract This article explores the optimization of heat transport in a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow with mixed Marangoni convection by using the Response Surface Methodology. The convective flow is studied with external magnetism, radiative heat flux, and buoyancy. An internal heat absorption through the permeable surface is also taken into account. The governing system includes the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes momentum equation, and the conservation of energy equations, approximated by the Prandtl boundary layer theory. The entropy generation in the thermodynamic system is evaluated. Experimental data (Corcione models) is used to model the single-phase alumina-water nanofluid. The numerical… More >

Muhammad Zubair Mustafa¹, Sumera Dero¹, Liaquat Ali Lund², Mehboob Ul Hassan³, Umair Khan^4,5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 499-513, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061804 - 11 April 2025

Abstract This paper discusses the model of the boundary layer (BL) flow and the heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over shrinking/stretching disks. In addition, the thermal radiation and the impact of velocity and thermal slip boundary conditions are also examined. The considered hybrid nano-fluid contains silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles dispersed in the water to prepare the Ag-Fe₃O₄/water-based hybrid nanofluid. The requisite posited partial differential equations model is converted to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. For a numerical solution, the shooting method in Maple is employed. Moreover, the duality in solutions is… More > Graphic Abstract

Zahraa N. Hussain^1,*, Jamal M. Ali^1,*, Hasan S. Majdi², Abbas J. Sultan¹, H. Al-Naseri³

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 351-370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056292 - 06 March 2025

Abstract The use of nanofluids as heat transfer media represents an innovative strategy to enhance heat transfer performances. This study investigates experimentally the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids containing TiO₂, CuO, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanoparticles as they flow through a copper tube. Both the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of these nanofluids were modeled and experimentally measured across varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol.%) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The findings indicate that the behavior of nanofluids depends on the parameter used for comparison with the base fluid. Notably, both More > Graphic Abstract

Ahmed Mohamed Galal^1,2, Adebowale Martins Obalalu³, Akintayo Oladimeji Akindele⁴, Umair Khan^5,6, Abdulazeez Adebayo Usman⁷, Olalekan Adebayo Olayemi⁸, Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie^9,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 3089-3113, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061296 - 03 March 2025

Abstract The need for efficient thermal energy systems has gained significant attention due to the growing global concern about renewable energy resources, particularly in residential buildings. One of the biggest challenges in this area is capturing and converting solar energy at maximum efficiency. This requires the use of strong materials and advanced fluids to enhance conversion efficiency while minimizing energy losses. Despite extensive research on thermal energy systems, there remains a limited understanding of how the combined effects of thermal radiation, irreversibility processes, and advanced heat flux models contribute to optimizing solar power performance in residential… More > Graphic Abstract

Abdelilah Makaoui¹, El Bachir Lahmer^1,*, Jaouad Benhamou^1,2, Mohammed Amine Moussaoui¹, Ahmed Mezrhab¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 207-230, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.060166 - 26 February 2025

Abstract This study focuses on numerically investigating thermal behavior within a differentially heated cavity filled with nanofluid with and without obstacles. Numerical comparison with previous studies proves the consistency and efficacy of the lattice Boltzmann method associated with a single relaxation time and its possibility of studying the nanofluid and heat transfer with high accuracy. Key parameters, including nanoparticle type and concentration, Rayleigh number, fluid basis, and obstacle position and dimension, were examined to identify optimal conditions for enhancing heat transfer quality. Principal findings indicated that increasing the Rayleigh number boosts buoyancy forces and alters vortex More > Graphic Abstract

Hongkun Lu^1,2,*, M. M. Noor^2,3,4,*, K. Kadirgama²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 299-324, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.059871 - 26 February 2025

Abstract To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack, this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates oscillating heat pipe (OHP) technology with liquid cooling. The primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser, enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and OHP. This study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the ⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTMS. Results show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability, with optimal… More >