Nicola Marrano1,#, Mariangela Caporusso2,#, Cosimo Matino1,#, Irene Caruso3,#, Carlo Ganini4, Mimma Rizzo5, Ludovico Di Gioia2, Angelo Cignarelli1, Sebastio Perrini1,6, Luigi Laviola1, Camillo Porta4, Francesco Giorgino1,*, Annalisa Natalicchio1
Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074672
- 22 April 2026
Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a cornerstone of systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), used both in the adjuvant and metastatic settings across various lines of treatment, often in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs). These therapies are associated with endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can be irreversible and life-threatening if not promptly managed. Using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Reporting System (FAERS), this study aimed to evaluate the real-world occurrence of endocrine irAEs in all approved VEGFR-TKI + ICI combinations for RCC, and… More >
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