Khadija Slimani^1,2,*, Samira Khoulji², Hamed Taherdoost^3,4, Mohamed Larbi Kerkeb⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4667-4686, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070173 - 23 October 2025

Abstract The integration of the dynamic adaptive routing (DAR) algorithm in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks offers a significant advancement in addressing the challenges posed by next-generation communication systems like 6G. DAR’s innovative framework incorporates real-time path adjustments, energy-aware routing, and predictive models, optimizing reliability, latency, and energy efficiency in UAV operations. This study demonstrated DAR’s superior performance in dynamic, large-scale environments, proving its adaptability and scalability for real-time applications. As 6G networks evolve, challenges such as bandwidth demands, global spectrum management, security vulnerabilities, and financial feasibility become prominent. DAR aligns with these demands by offering More >

Saeed Ullah¹, Junsheng Wu^1,*, Mian Muhammad Kamal², Heba G. Mohamed³, Muhammad Sheraz⁴, Teong Chee Chuah^4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.2, pp. 2647-2681, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.068849 - 31 August 2025

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem faces growing security challenges because it is projected to have 76.88 billion devices by 2025 and $1.4 trillion market value by 2027, operating in distributed networks with resource limitations and diverse system architectures. The current conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS) face scalability problems and trust-related issues, but blockchain-based solutions face limitations because of their low transaction throughput (Bitcoin: 7 TPS (Transactions Per Second), Ethereum: 15–30 TPS) and high latency. The research introduces MBID (Multi-Tier Blockchain Intrusion Detection) as a groundbreaking Multi-Tier Blockchain Intrusion Detection System with AI-Enhanced Detection, which… More >

P. William^1,2, Ved Prakash Mishra¹, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf^3,*, Arvind Mukundan⁴, Yogeesh N⁵, Riya Karmakar⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5133-5156, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065840 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Cloud computing has become an essential technology for the management and processing of large datasets, offering scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance. However, optimizing data replication across multiple data centers poses a significant challenge, especially when balancing opposing goals such as latency, storage costs, energy consumption, and network efficiency. This study introduces a novel Dynamic Optimization Algorithm called Dynamic Multi-Objective Gannet Optimization (DMGO), designed to enhance data replication efficiency in cloud environments. Unlike traditional static replication systems, DMGO adapts dynamically to variations in network conditions, system demand, and resource availability. The approach utilizes multi-objective optimization More >

Jiao Li, Xiaoyu Song^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5239-5254, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065504 - 30 July 2025

Abstract The long transaction latency and low throughput of blockchain are the key challenges affecting the large-scale adoption of blockchain technology. Sharding technology is a primary solution by divides the blockchain network into multiple independent shards for parallel transaction processing. However, most existing random or modular schemes fail to consider the transactional relationships between accounts, which leads to a high proportion of cross-shard transactions, thereby increasing the communication overhead and transaction confirmation latency between shards. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a blockchain sharding algorithm based on account degree and frequency (DFSA). The algorithm takes… More >

Saha Reno^1,#,*, Koushik Roy^2,#

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2061-2119, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066366 - 03 July 2025

Abstract The blockchain trilemma—balancing decentralization, security, and scalability—remains a critical challenge in distributed ledger technology. Despite significant advancements, achieving all three attributes simultaneously continues to elude most blockchain systems, often forcing trade-offs that limit their real-world applicability. This review paper synthesizes current research efforts aimed at resolving the trilemma, focusing on innovative consensus mechanisms, sharding techniques, layer-2 protocols, and hybrid architectural models. We critically analyze recent breakthroughs, including Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based structures, cross-chain interoperability frameworks, and zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) enhancements, which aim to reconcile scalability with robust security and decentralization. Furthermore, we evaluate the trade-offs More >

Sondes Baccouri^1,2,#,*, Takoua Abdellatif ^3,#

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 1071-1093, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.062902 - 11 April 2025

Abstract Managing sensitive data in dynamic and high-stakes environments, such as healthcare, requires access control frameworks that offer real-time adaptability, scalability, and regulatory compliance. BIG-ABAC introduces a transformative approach to Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) by integrating real-time policy evaluation and contextual adaptation. Unlike traditional ABAC systems that rely on static policies, BIG-ABAC dynamically updates policies in response to evolving rules and real-time contextual attributes, ensuring precise and efficient access control. Leveraging decision trees evaluated in real-time, BIG-ABAC overcomes the limitations of conventional access control models, enabling seamless adaptation to complex, high-demand scenarios. The framework adheres to the… More >

Shen Su^1,*, Daojing He², Neeraj Kumar³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 1933-1937, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.059318 - 31 October 2024

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Leila Safari-Monjeghtapeh¹, Mansour Esmaeilpour^2,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.3, pp. 705-721, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.044892 - 20 May 2024

Abstract Path-based clustering algorithms typically generate clusters by optimizing a benchmark function. Most optimization methods in clustering algorithms often offer solutions close to the general optimal value. This study achieves the global optimum value for the criterion function in a shorter time using the minimax distance, Maximum Spanning Tree “MST”, and meta-heuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm “GA” and Particle Swarm Optimization “PSO”. The Fast Path-based Clustering “FPC” algorithm proposed in this paper can find cluster centers correctly in most datasets and quickly perform clustering operations. The FPC does this operation using MST, the minimax distance, and… More >

S. Abinaya^*, K. Uttej Kumar

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.2, pp. 2269-2286, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047167 - 27 February 2024

Abstract A Recommender System (RS) is a crucial part of several firms, particularly those involved in e-commerce. In conventional RS, a user may only offer a single rating for an item-that is insufficient to perceive consumer preferences. Nowadays, businesses in industries like e-learning and tourism enable customers to rate a product using a variety of factors to comprehend customers’ preferences. On the other hand, the collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm utilizing AutoEncoder (AE) is seen to be effective in identifying user-interested items. However, the cost of these computations increases nonlinearly as the number of items and users… More >

Longle Cheng^1,2, Xiru Li¹, Shiyu Fang², Wansu Pan¹, He Zhao^1,*, Haibo Tan¹, Xiaofeng Li^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.2, pp. 2491-2509, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047166 - 27 February 2024

Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks provide message transmission capabilities for blockchain systems. Improving data transmission efficiency in P2P networks can greatly enhance the performance of blockchain systems. However, traditional blockchain P2P networks face a common challenge where there is often a mismatch between the upper-layer traffic requirements and the underlying physical network topology. This mismatch results in redundant data transmission and inefficient routing, severely constraining the scalability of blockchain systems. To address these pressing issues, we propose FPSblo, an efficient transmission method for blockchain networks. Our inspiration for FPSblo stems from the Farthest Point Sampling (FPS)… More >