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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Smart Grid Security Framework for Data Transmissions with Adaptive Practices Using Machine Learning Algorithm

    Shitharth Selvarajan1,2,3,*, Hariprasath Manoharan4, Taher Al-Shehari5, Hussain Alsalman6, Taha Alfakih7

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4339-4369, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.056100 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract This research presents an analysis of smart grid units to enhance connected units’ security during data transmissions. The major advantage of the proposed method is that the system model encompasses multiple aspects such as network flow monitoring, data expansion, control association, throughput, and losses. In addition, all the above-mentioned aspects are carried out with neural networks and adaptive optimizations to enhance the operation of smart grid networks. Moreover, the quantitative analysis of the optimization algorithm is discussed concerning two case studies, thereby achieving early convergence at reduced complexities. The suggested method ensures that each communication More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Temperature Control Performance and Cooling Release Characteristics of PCM in Large Space: Case Study of Cold Storage

    Zhengrong Shi1,3, Hai Hong1, Yanming Shen2,*, Jingyong Cai1,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 885-903, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061976 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Phase Change Material (PCM)-based cold energy storage system (CESS) can effectively utilize the peak and valley power resources to reduce the excessive dependence on the power grid. In this study, a PCM-based CESS was designed for cold storage applications. The optimal number of PCM plates was determined through numerical simulations to meet the required cold storage temperature and control time. Additionally, the air temperature field, flow field, and melting characteristics of the PCM plates during the cooling release process were analyzed. The effects of plate positioning and thickness on the cooling release performance were further… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Coordinated Service Restoration of Integrated Power and Gas Systems with Renewable Energy Sources

    Xincong Shi1,2, Yuze Ji3,*, Xinrui Wang3, Ruimin Tian3, Chao Zhang2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1199-1220, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061586 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract With the development of integrated power and gas distribution systems (IPGS) incorporating renewable energy sources (RESs), coordinating the restoration processes of the power distribution system (PS) and the gas distribution system (GS) by utilizing the benefits of RESs enhances service restoration. In this context, this paper proposes a coordinated service restoration framework that considers the uncertainty in RESs and the bi-directional restoration interactions between the PS and GS. Additionally, a coordinated service restoration model is developed considering the two systems’ interdependency and the GS’s dynamic characteristics. The objective is to maximize the system resilience index… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Correlation Analysis of Power Quality and Power Spectrum in Wind Power Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

    Jian Gao1, Hongliang Hao2, Caifeng Wen1,*, Yongsheng Wang3, Zhanhua Han4, Edwin E. Nykilla2, Yuwen Zhang2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1175-1198, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061083 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems, particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power. This study investigated the relationships between power quality indices of system output and PSD by utilizing theories related to spectra, PSD, and random signal power spectra. The relationship was derived, validated through experiments and simulations, and subsequently applied to multi-objective optimization. Various optimization algorithms were compared to achieve optimal system power quality. The findings revealed that the relationships between power quality indices and PSD were influenced by variations in More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Innovative Mechanical Ventilation Control for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency

    Giovanni Miracco1,*, Francesco Nicoletti1, Vittorio Ferraro2, Dimitrios Kaliakatsos1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 861-883, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060750 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Indoor air quality (IAQ) is often overlooked, yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational settings. This study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms, with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy efficiency. Two classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed: one with exterior walls and windows, and the other completely underground. For each classroom, a model was developed using DesignBuilder software, which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO₂ concentration, temperature, and relative… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Research on Energy Mutual Assistance Control Strategy between Low-Voltage Stations Using Micro-Pumped Storage System with Common Reservoir Mode

    Yunzhao Wu1, Guanglin Sha1, Qing Duan1, Xinwei Cong1, Lu Liu1, Ning Zhou2, Yingjie Zhou3,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1093-1112, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060349 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract To enhance energy interaction among low-voltage stations (LVSs) and reduce the line loss of the distribution network, a novel operation mode of the micro-pumped storage system (mPSS) has been proposed based on the common reservoir. First, some operation modes of mPSS are analyzed, which include the separated reservoir mode (SRM) and common reservoir mode (CRM). Then, based on the SRM, and CRM, an energy mutual assistance control model between LVSs has been built to optimize energy loss. Finally, in the simulation, compared to the model without pumped storage in the LVS, the SRM and CLRM… More > Graphic Abstract

    Research on Energy Mutual Assistance Control Strategy between Low-Voltage Stations Using Micro-Pumped Storage System with Common Reservoir Mode

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Identifying Suitable Sites for CSP Plants Using AHP, Fuzzy AHP, and Full Consistency Method: A Case Study of CHAD

    Bernard Bayangbe1,*, Ababacar Thiam1,2, El hadji I. Cissé2, Kory Faye1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 943-969, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060273 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising solar technologies for sustainable power generation in countries with high solar potential, like Chad. Identifying suitable sites is of great importance for deploying solar power plants. This work focuses on the identification of potential sites for the installation of solar power plants in Chad as well as a comparative analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and Full Consistency Method (FUCOM). The results show that 35% of the Chadian territory, i.e., an area of 449,400 km2, is compatible with the implementation… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Optimal Location of Renewable Energy Generators in Transmission and Distribution System of Deregulated Power Sector: A Review

    Digambar Singh1, Najat Elgeberi2, Mohammad Aljaidi3,*, Ramesh Kumar4,5, Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook6, Manish Kumar Singla4,7,8,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 823-859, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059309 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract The literature on multi-attribute optimization for renewable energy source (RES) placement in deregulated power markets is extensive and diverse in methodology. This study focuses on the most relevant publications directly addressing the research problem at hand. Similarly, while the body of work on optimal location and sizing of renewable energy generators (REGs) in balanced distribution systems is substantial, only the most pertinent sources are cited, aligning closely with the study’s objective function. A comprehensive literature review reveals several key research areas: RES integration, RES-related optimization techniques, strategic placement of wind and solar generation, and RES… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermal Performance and Economic Efficiency Comparison of Typical Shallow and Medium-Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger Heating Systems in Xi’an, China

    Yuze Xue1, Li Kou2,3, Guosheng Jia4,*, Liwen Jin4, Zhibin Zhang4, Jianke Hao4, Lip Huat Saw5,*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1005-1024, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059198 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Geothermal energy, a form of renewable energy, has been extensively utilized for building heating. However, there is a lack of detailed comparative studies on the use of shallow and medium-deep geothermal energy in building energy systems, which are essential for decision-making. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative study of the performance and economic analysis of shallow and medium-deep borehole heat exchanger heating systems. Based on the geological parameters of Xi’an, China and commonly used borehole heat exchanger structures, numerical simulation methods are employed to analyze performance and economic efficiency. The results indicate that increasing the… More > Graphic Abstract

    Thermal Performance and Economic Efficiency Comparison of Typical Shallow and Medium-Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger Heating Systems in Xi’an, China

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A 3-Dimensional Cargo Loading Algorithm for the Conveyor-Type Loading System

    Hyeonbin Jeong1, Young Tae Ryu2, Byung Duk Song1,*, Sang-Duck Lee3,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2739-2769, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061639 - 03 March 2025

    Abstract This paper proposes a novel cargo loading algorithm applicable to automated conveyor-type loading systems. The algorithm offers improvements in computational efficiency and robustness by utilizing the concept of discrete derivatives and introducing logistics-related constraints. Optional consideration of the rotation of the cargoes was made to further enhance the optimality of the solutions, if possible to be physically implemented. Evaluation metrics were developed for accurate evaluation and enhancement of the algorithm’s ability to efficiently utilize the loading space and provide a high level of dynamic stability. Experimental results demonstrate the extensive robustness of the proposed algorithm More >

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