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Open Access

ARTICLE

Long-Term Bridge Health Evaluation Using Resonant Frequency Changes under Random Loading Conditions

Thi Kim Chi Duong1, Bich-Ngoc. Mach2, Hoa-Cuc. Nguyen2, Thi Nhu Quynh Trinh2, Thanh Q. Nguyen3,4,*
1 Institute of Information Technology and Digital Transformation Training, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 06 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, 82000, Vietnam
2 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 06 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City , 82000, Vietnam
3 Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, No. 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
4 NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
* Corresponding Author: Thanh Q. Nguyen. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Applications for Bridge Structures)

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring https://doi.org/10.32604/sdhm.2025.070185

Received 10 July 2025; Accepted 01 September 2025; Published online 02 October 2025

Abstract

This study explores theoretical insights and experimental results on monitoring load-carrying capacity degradation in bridge spans through frequency analysis. Experiments were conducted on real bridge structures, including the Binh Thuan Bridge, focusing on analyzing the power spectral density (PSD) of vibration signals under random traffic loads. Detailed digital models of various bridge spans with different structural designs and construction periods were developed to ensure diversity. The study utilized PSD to analyze the vibration signals from the bridge spans under various loading conditions, identifying the vibration frequencies and the corresponding response regions. The research correlated the observed frequency changes of PSD with the actual deterioration of the bridges over time, identifying patterns that indicate a reduction in stiffness. Experiments demonstrated that frequency changes, particularly in high-frequency regions, are directly related to a reduction in the stiffness of bridge spans. This supports the hypothesis that natural frequencies can serve as effective indicators of structural damage. Furthermore, the emergence and shift of resonant frequency regions provide valuable insights into the extent of damage in actual bridge spans, highlighting the potential for using changes in resonant frequency regions as a new tool for structural damage detection.

Keywords

Frequency; power spectral density; vibration signals; vibration frequencies; resonant frequency regions; structural damage detection

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