Open Access

ARTICLE

The role of pelvic lymphadenectomy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

James Lin, Christopher M. Deibert, Dara Holder, Mitchell C. Benson, James M. McKiernan

Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
Address correspondence to Dr. James M. McKiernan, DepartmentofUrology,ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter, 161 Fort Washington Avenue- Herbert Irving Pavilion, 11^th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA

Canadian Journal of Urology 2014, 21(1), 7108-7113.

Abstract

Introduction: We evaluated whether the extent of lymphadenectomy at the time of radical cystectomy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) impacts recurrence free survival.
Materials and methods: We conducted an IRB approved retrospective analysis of patients with clinical NMIBC who underwent radical cystectomy from 1990-2010. Patients were stratified based on extent of lymph node dissection using total lymph node yield as a surrogate indicator of lymph node dissection extent, with cut off analyses performed at 0, 8, 10, and 20 nodes removed. Analyses of recurrence free survival (RFS) were performed using log-rank analysis and multivariate Cox regression.
Results: One hundred and ninety-six patients with NMIBC met the inclusion criteria for this study, with no differences in RFS detected in those who had ≥10 nodes compared to <10 nodes removed (p = 0.63). Upon multivariate analysis, ≥10 nodes removed (HR 1.00; p = 0.99) was not significantly associated with decreased RFS, while high grade tumor (HR 3.22; p = 0.05) and positive margin status (HR 3.87; p = 0.04) were. The median number of nodes removed was 8 (range 0-45), with no difference in RFS using this as a cut off point (p = 0.19). The removal of ≥20 nodes did not predict worse survival compared to <20 nodes removed (p = 0.07).
Conclusions: Although the extent of lymphadenectomy has been associated with improved survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer, we were unable to detect an impact of lymph node dissection extent on RFS in patients with NMIBC. This finding emphasizes that when determining extent of lymph node dissection in radical cystectomy, one size does not fit all.

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