Open Access

ARTICLE

Bladder volume correction factors measured with 3D ultrasound and BladderScan

Naomi N. Vinod¹, Anna S. Nagle², Hameeda A. Naimi¹, Hiren Kolli¹, Derek Sheen¹, Naveen Nandanan¹, Laura R. Carucci³, John E. Speich², Adam P. Klausner^1,4

1 Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
2 Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering, Richmond, Virginia, USA
3 Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
4 Department of Surgery, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
Address correspondence to Dr. Adam P. Klausner, Division of Urology, VCU Medical Center, Box 980118, Richmond, VA 23298-0118 USA

Canadian Journal of Urology 2019, 26(4), 9829-9834.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate conventional 3D ultrasound and portable BladderScan volume measurements and implement correction factors to ensure accurate volume metrics.
Materials and methods: Healthy participants without urinary urgency were recruited for a prospective hydration study in which three consecutive voids were analyzed for two separate visits. Just before and after voiding, 3D ultrasound and BladderScan volumes were measured. Estimated voided volumes were calculated as the volume immediately prior to void minus any post void residual and were compared to actual voided volumes measured using a graduated container. Percent errors were calculated, and an algebraic method was implemented to create correction factors for 3D ultrasound and BladderScan.
Results: Sixteen individuals completed the study, and six voids were recorded for each participant. A total of 96 volume measurements ranging from 0 mL to 1050 mL with an average of 394 ± 26 mL were analyzed. Both 3D ultrasound and BladderScan significantly underestimated voided volumes with averages of 296 ± 22 and 362 ± 27, respectively. Average percent error for the 3D ultrasound group was 30.1% (pre-correction) and 20.7% (post-correction) (p < 0.01) and 22.4% (pre-correction) and 21.8% (post-correction) for the BladderScan group (p = 0.20). The voided volume correction factors for 3D ultrasound and BladderScan were 1.30 and 1.06, respectively.
Conclusion: BladderScan and 3D ultrasound typically underestimate voided volumes. Correction factors enabled more accurate measurements of voided volumes for both 3D ultrasound and BladderScan. Accurate volume measurements will be valuable for the development of non-invasive urodynamics techniques.

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