Open Access

ARTICLE

Differences at diagnosis between long-term survivors and not long-term survivors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma initially treated with TKI

Miguel Ángel Gómez-Luque^*, Guillermo Lendínez-Cano, Carmen Belén Congregado-Ruiz, Ignacio Osman-García, Rafael Antonio Medina-López

Department of Urology and Nephrology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, 41013, Spain

* Corresponding Author: Miguel Ángel Gómez-Luque. Email:

Canadian Journal of Urology 2025, 32(2), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.32604/cju.2025.063073

Received 04 January 2025; Accepted 28 March 2025; Issue published 30 April 2025

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, significant advancements in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have notably extended overall survival (OS) times, particularly with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and combination immunotherapy. However, survival outcomes in mRCC remain highly variable. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed clinical and demographic factors at diagnosis in patients treated for mRCC to identify predictors of long-term survival (defined as OS ≥ 48 months). Patients were categorized into long-term survivors (LTS) and non-long-term survivors (nLTS). Results: The analysis revealed that factors such as better Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), normal baseline laboratory values (e.g., hemoglobin, calcium), and the presence of lung-only metastases were significantly associated with longer survival. Conversely, comorbid conditions like hypertension and dyslipidemia, poorer KPS, and certain adverse laboratory findings were more common in the nLTS group. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of baseline prognostic factors in predicting survival outcomes and emphasize the need for personalized treatment strategies in mRCC.

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