Open Access

ARTICLE

An Intelligent Cluster Verification Model Using WSN to Avoid Close Proximity and Control Outbreak of Pandemic in a Massive Crowd

Naeem Ahmed Nawaz¹, Norah Saleh Alghamdi^2,*, Hanen Karamti², Mohammad Ayoub Khan³
1 Department of Computer Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarmah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
3 College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Bisha, Bisha, 67714, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding Author: Norah Saleh Alghamdi. Email:

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022, 133(2), 327-350. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2022.020791

Received 13 December 2021; Accepted 28 March 2022; Issue published 21 July 2022

Abstract

Assemblage at public places for religious or sports events has become an integral part of our lives. These gatherings pose a challenge at places where fast crowd verification with social distancing (SD) is required, especially during a pandemic. Presently, verification of crowds is carried out in the form of a queue that increases waiting time resulting in congestion, stampede, and the spread of diseases. This article proposes a cluster verification model (CVM) using a wireless sensor network (WSN), single cluster approach (SCA), and split cluster approach (SpCA) to solve the aforementioned problem for pandemic cases. We show that SD, cluster approaches, and verification by WSN can overcome the management issues by optimizing the cluster size and verification time. Hence, our proposed method minimizes the chances of spreading diseases and stampedes in large events such as a pilgrimage. We consider the assembly points in the annual pilgrimage to Makkah Al-Mukarmah and Umrah for verification using Contiki/Cooja tool. We compute results such as verified cluster members (CMs) to define cluster size, success rate to determine the best success rate, and verification time to determine the optimal verification time for various scenarios. We validate our model by comparing the results of each approach with the existing model. Our results show that the SpCA with SD is the best approach with a 96% success rate and optimization of verification time as compared to SCA with SD and the existing model.

---

Keywords

Cluster verification model; wireless sensor network; social distancing; crowd; single approach; split approach

---