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ARTICLE

Second-Law Analysis of Double Diffusive Convection of Casson Ternary Nanofluid in a Porous Enclosure with a T-Shaped Baffle

Sarna Soren¹, Samrat Hansda^1,*, Umair Khan^2,3, Anuar Ishak⁴, Ahmed Kadhim Hussein⁵, Md Mamun Molla^6,7

1 Department of Mathematics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Mathematics, School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkey
4 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
6 Department of Mathematics & Physics, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
7 Center for Applied and Computational Science (CACS), North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

* Corresponding Author: Samrat Hansda. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computational Methods in Mono/hybrid nanofluids: Innovative Applications and Future Trends)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2026, 147(2), 25 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2026.079635

Received 25 January 2026; Accepted 18 March 2026; Issue published 27 May 2026

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of thermosolutal convection within a baffled porous cavity filled with a radiative Casson-based ternary aqueous nanofluid. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is formulated by dispersing three distinct nanoparticles into a water-based solution, aiming to enhance the thermal and solute transport characteristics. The cavity includes internal baffles that modulate convective flow and facilitate improved energy transport. The governing equations for momentum, energy, species concentration, and entropy generation are discretized and solved using a higher-order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme, ensuring superior numerical precision. The novelty of the present study lies in the irreversibility analysis of thermosolutal convection of a Casson ternary nanofluid in a porous wavy enclosure with a T-shaped baffle, highlighting the combined effects of non-Newtonian behavior, ternary nanoparticle interaction, and geometric modification on entropy generation and transport performance. The impacts of key physical parameters on solutal and thermal distributions, entropy generation, and the Bejan number are systematically examined. The study reveals that the combined influence of the non-Newtonian nature of the Casson fluid and thermal radiation significantly alters flow structure and transport rates. Enhanced heat transfer is observed with increasing radiation parameters, while solutal transport remains relatively less sensitive. The presence of internal baffles promotes localized vortices and thermal layering, contributing to complex thermo-solutal interactions. The outcomes also show that the inclusion of a T-shaped baffle within the container enhances overall convective transport characteristics and system performance. The findings provide valuable insights into the design of advanced energy systems involving non-Newtonian nanofluids in porous enclosures under radiative and geometric constraints.

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