Open Access

REVIEW

Technological Innovations and Multi-Omics Approaches in Cancer Research: A Comprehensive Review

Saranya Velmurugan¹, Dapkupar Wankhar², Vijayalakshmi Paramasivan³, Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj^1,*

1 Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, 781026, Assam, India
3 Department of Pharmacology, JKKN Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to The Dr. MGR Medical University), Kumarapalayam, 638183, Tamil Nadu, India

* Corresponding Author: Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Genetic Biomarkers of Cancer: Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms)

BIOCELL 2025, 49(8), 1363-1390. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2025.065891

Received 24 March 2025; Accepted 28 May 2025; Issue published 29 August 2025

Abstract

Cancer rates are increasing globally, making it more urgent than ever to enhance research and treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate how innovative technology and integrated multi-omics techniques could help improve cancer diagnosis, knowledge, and therapy. A complete literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Embase, and NCBI. This review examined the articles published from 2010 to 2025. Relevant articles were found using keywords and selected using inclusion criteria New sequencing methods, like next-generation sequencing and single-cell analysis, have transformed our ability to study tumor complexity and genetic mutations, paving the way for more precise, personalized treatments. At the same time, imaging technologies such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have made detecting tumors early and tracking treatment progress easier, all while improving patient comfort. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are having a significant impact by helping to analyze large volumes of data more efficiently and enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Meanwhile, Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing is emerging as a promising tool for directly targeting genes related to cancer, providing new possibilities for treatment. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, multi-omics approaches provide researchers with a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cancer, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Despite these advancements, additional challenges persist, such as data integration, elevated costs, standardisation concerns, and the intricacies of translating findings into clinical practice, which might prevent wider implementation. Research needs to concentrate on improving these developments and encouraging multidisciplinary cooperation going forward to maximize their possibilities. Personalized cancer therapies will become more successful with ongoing developments, therefore enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.

---

Keywords

---