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Open Access

ARTICLE

Toward Efficient Traffic-Sign Detection via SlimNeck and Coordinate-Attention Fusion in YOLO-SMM

Hui Chen1, Mohammed A. H. Ali1,*, Bushroa Abd Razak1, Zhenya Wang2, Yusoff Nukman1, Shikai Zhang1, Zhiwei Huang1, Ligang Yao3, Mohammad Alkhedher4
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
3 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
4 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates
* Corresponding Author: Mohammed A. H. Ali. Email: email

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.067286

Received 29 April 2025; Accepted 08 July 2025; Published online 10 November 2025

Abstract

Accurate and real-time traffic-sign detection is a cornerstone of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. However, existing one-stage detectors miss distant signs, and two-stage pipelines are impractical for embedded deployment. To address this issue, we present YOLO-SMM, a lightweight two-stage framework. This framework is designed to augment the YOLOv8 baseline with three targeted modules. (1) SlimNeck replaces PAN/FPN with a CSP-OSA/GSConv fusion block, reducing parameters and FLOPs without compromising multi-scale detail. (2) The MCA model introduces row- and column-aware weights to selectively amplify small sign regions in cluttered scenes. (3) MPDIoU augments CIoU loss with a corner-distance term, supplying stable gradients for sub-20-pixel boxes and tightening localization. An evaluation of YOLO-SMM on the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) revealed that it attained 96.3% mAP50 and 93.1% mAP50-90 at a rate of 90.6 frames per second (FPS). This represents an improvement of +1.0% over previous performance benchmarks. The mAP at 64 × 64 resolution was found to be 50% of the maximum attainable value, with an FPS of +8.3 when compared to YOLOv8. This result indicates superior performance in terms of accuracy and speed compared to YOLOv7, YOLOv5, RetinaNet, EfficientDet, and Faster R-CNN, all of which were operated under equivalent conditions.

Keywords

Traffic sign detection; YOLO v8; YOLO v5; YOLO v7; SlimNeck; modified coordinate attention; MPDIoU

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