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Open Access

ARTICLE

CamSimXR: eXtended Reality (XR) Based Pre-Visualization and Simulation for Optimal Placement of Heterogeneous Cameras

Juhwan Kim1, Gwanghyun Jo2, Dongsik Jo1,*
1 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Mathematical Data Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
* Corresponding Author: Dongsik Jo. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Extended Reality (XR) and Human-Computer Interaction)

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.072664

Received 01 September 2025; Accepted 29 November 2025; Published online 18 December 2025

Abstract

In recent years, three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly, enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality (XR) environments. In addition, methods for deploying multiple cameras for motion capture of users (e.g., performers) are widely used in computer graphics. As the need to minimize and optimize the number of cameras grows to reduce costs, various technologies and research approaches focused on Optimal Camera Placement (OCP) are continually being proposed. However, as most existing studies assume homogeneous camera setups, there is a growing demand for studies on heterogeneous camera setups. For instance, technical demands keep emerging in scenarios with minimal camera configurations, especially regarding cost factors, the physical placement of cameras given the spatial structure, and image capture strategies for heterogeneous cameras, such as high-resolution RGB cameras and depth cameras. In this study, we propose a pre-visualization and simulation method for the optimal placement of heterogeneous cameras in XR environments, accounting for both the specifications of heterogeneous cameras (e.g., field of view) and the physical configuration (e.g., wall configuration) in real-world spaces. The proposed method performs a visibility analysis of cameras by considering each camera’s field-of-view volume, resolution, and unique characteristics, along with physical-space constraints. This approach enables the optimal position and rotation of each camera to be recommended, along with the minimum number of cameras required. In the results of our study conducted in heterogeneous camera combinations, the proposed method achieved 81.7%~82.7% coverage of the target visual information using only 2~3 cameras. In contrast, single (or homogeneous)-typed cameras were required to use 11 cameras for 81.6% coverage. Accordingly, we found that camera deployment resources can be reduced with the proposed approaches.

Keywords

Optimal camera placement; heterogeneous cameras; extended reality; pre-visualization; simulation; multi-cameras

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