Open Access

REVIEW

Recent Technology Advancements in Smart City Management: A Review

Chiranjeevi Karri^1,2,*, José J. M. Machado³, João Manuel R. S. Tavares¹, Deepak Kumar Jain⁴, Suresh Dannana⁵, Santosh Kumar Gottapu⁶, Amir H. Gandomi^7,8

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhaptnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
4 Laboratory of lntelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
5 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Vizianagaram, 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India
6 Department of Civil Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (GVPCE), Visakhapatnam, 530048, Andhra Pradesh, India
7 Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
8 University Research and Innovation Center (EKIK), Óbuda University, Budapest, 1034, Hungary

* Corresponding Author: Chiranjeevi Karri. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Security and Privacy in IoT and Smart City: Current Challenges and Future Directions)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024, 81(3), 3617-3663. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.058461

Received 12 September 2024; Accepted 21 November 2024; Issue published 19 December 2024

Abstract

The rapid population growth, insecure lifestyle, wastage of natural resources, indiscipline behavior of human beings, urgency in the medical field, security of patient information, agricultural-related problems, and automation requirements in industries are the reasons for invention of technologies. Smart cities aim to address these challenges through the integration of technology, data, and innovative practices. Building a smart city involves integrating advanced technologies and data-driven solutions to enhance urban living, improve resource efficiency, and create sustainable environments. This review presents five of the most critical technologies for smart and/or safe cities, addressing pertinent topics such as intelligent traffic management systems, information and communications technology, blockchain technology, re-identification, and the Internet of Things. The challenges, observations, and remarks of each technology in solving problems are discussed, and the dependency effects on the technologies’ performance are also explored. Especially deep learning models for various applications are analyzed. Different models performance, their dependency on dataset size, type, hyper-parameters, and the non-availability of labels or ground truth are discussed.

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