Open Access

REVIEW

A Review of Wind Turbine Blade Morphing: Power, Vibration, and Noise

Md. Mahbub Alam^*

Center for Turbulence Control, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China

* Corresponding Author: Md. Mahbub Alam. Email:

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2025, 21(4), 657-695. https://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2025.060942

Received 13 November 2024; Accepted 27 February 2025; Issue published 06 May 2025

Abstract

Wind turbines play a vital role in renewable energy production. This review examines advancements in wind turbine blade morphing technologies aimed at enhancing power coefficients, reducing vibrations, and minimizing noise generation. Efficiency, vibration, and noise levels can be optimized through morphing techniques applied to the blade’s shape, leading edge, trailing edge, and surface. Leading-edge morphing is particularly effective in improving efficiency and reducing noise, as flow attachment and separation at the leading edge significantly influence lift and vortex generation. Morphing technologies often draw inspiration from bionic designs based on natural phenomena, highlighting the potential of biomimicry to improve aerodynamic performance and energy capture. Understanding fluid-structure interactions is critical to ensuring the lifespan, performance, and safety of wind turbine blades, which directly affect operational efficiency and noise levels. This review underscores the importance of comprehending the interdependencies between aerodynamics, vibration, and noise to guide future research and policy in sustainable wind energy development. By summarizing key advancements in the field, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders involved in wind energy technologies.

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