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ARTICLE

Heat Transfer Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Ternary Nanofluid in MHD and Porous Media Flow: Influence of Volume Fraction and Shape

Barkilean Jaismitha¹, Jagadeesan Sasikumar^2,*, Samad Noeiaghdam^3,*, Unai Fernandez-Gamiz⁴, Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar¹

1 Centre for Sustainable Materials and Surface Metamorphosis, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600069, India
2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
3 Institute of Mathematics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
4 Nuclear Engineering and Fluid Mechanics Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain

* Corresponding Authors: Jagadeesan Sasikumar. Email: ; Samad Noeiaghdam. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer: Integrating Numerical Methods with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data-Driven Approaches)

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025, 23(5), 1529-1554. https://doi.org/10.32604/fhmt.2025.067869

Received 14 May 2025; Accepted 18 July 2025; Issue published 31 October 2025

Abstract

The present study investigates the dynamic behavior of a ternary-hybrid nanofluid within a tapered asymmetric channel, focusing on the impact of unsteady oscillatory flow under the influence of a magnetic field. This study addresses temperature-sensitive water transport mechanisms relevant to industrial applications such as thermal management and energy-efficient fluid transport. By suspending nanoparticles of diverse shapes-platelets, blades, and spheres in a hybrid base fluid comprising cobalt ferrite, magnesium oxide, and graphene oxide, the study examines the influence of both small and large volume fraction values. The governing equations are converted into a dimensionless form. With suitable assumptions, the partial differential equations (PDEs) are simplified into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved using an analytical method. The proposed solution is verified using a numerical approach with the BVP4C solver. The analysis yields detailed graphs that depict the behavior of key fluid flow parameters, such as velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, within the tapered asymmetric channel.

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Keywords

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