Open Access

ARTICLE

Trait mindfulness among music-talented students: Effects of grit, resilience and flow

Chuan-Chung Hsieh¹, Wei-Cheng Chien^1,2,*, Ting-Jung Chang¹

1 Department of Education and Learning Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300193, Taiwan
2 Research Center for Educational System and Policy, National Academy for Educational Research, New Taipei City, 237201, Taiwan

* Corresponding Author: Wei-Cheng Chien. Email:

Journal of Psychology in Africa 2025, 35(5), 599-607. https://doi.org/10.32604/jpa.2025.066823

Received 18 April 2025; Accepted 25 September 2025; Issue published 24 October 2025

Abstract

This study examined how trait mindfulness relates to grit and resilience in students and whether flow mediates these links. The study sample comprised 432 gifted and talented music students (females = 275, mean age = 14.52, SD = 0.50). The students completed four measures assessing trait mindfulness, flow, grit, and resilience, each with established psychometric validity and reliability. The findings from structural equation modeling indicate trait mindfulness had substantial direct effects on flow, resilience, and grit among students. Flow had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between trait mindfulness and grit for enhanced grit. However, the mediating effect of flow between trait mindfulness and resilience was not statistically significant. Male students self-reported higher levels of resilience than female students. These findings support the theoretical proposition that trait mindfulness underpins adaptive coping and sustained goal pursuit, with flow acting as an important mediating mechanism. For music-talented students facing intensive training and performance pressures, incorporating mindfulness-based interventions and flow-inducing activities into gifted education programs. This would strengthen resilience and grit, promoting both artistic achievement and psychological well-being.

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Keywords

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