Open Access

REVIEW

Malachite Green Adsorption Using Carbon-Based and Non-Conventional Adsorbent Made from Biowaste and Biomass: A Review

Annisa Ardiyanti, Suprapto Suprapto, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah^*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS-Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

* Corresponding Author: Yatim Lailun Ni’mah. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Eco-Friendly Waste-Base Materials for Pollution Control Sustainable Technologies)

Journal of Renewable Materials 2023, 11(11), 3789-3806. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2023.031354

Received 06 June 2023; Accepted 24 July 2023; Issue published 31 October 2023

Abstract

Dyes are pervasive contaminants in wastewater, posing significant health risks to both humans and animals. Among the various methods employed for effective dye removal, adsorption has emerged as a highly promising approach due to its notable advantages, including high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, low energy consumption, and operational simplicity compared to alternative treatments. This comprehensive review focuses on investigating adsorbents derived from biowastes and biomass, specifically carbon-based and non-conventional adsorbents, for the removal of malachite green, a widely used dye known for its toxic and carcinogenic properties. Carbon-based adsorbents encompass two main types: activated carbon and biochar, while non-conventional adsorbents refer to powder sorbents without carbonaceous treatments. Extensive studies have reported remarkable findings, with achieved maximum removal percentages exceeding 98% and capacities reaching 250 mg/g. These results highlight the exceptional efficacy of the reviewed adsorbents in eliminating malachite green from wastewater. By exploring the potential of bio-based adsorbents, this review sheds light on sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for mitigating dye pollution.

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