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ARTICLE

Ethnic Disparities in Glioblastoma Markers: Impact of Chromosome 7 Gain and 10 Loss Alterations on Clinical Survival Outcomes

Fang-Ying Chiu1,2,3,*, Yun Yen2,4,5,6
1 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
2 Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
3 Center for Brain and Neurobiology Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
4 Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
5 TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
6 Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
* Corresponding Author: Fang-Ying Chiu. Email: email

Oncology Research https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2026.077076

Received 02 December 2025; Accepted 17 March 2026; Published online 01 April 2026

Abstract

Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and is characterized by significant intratumoral heterogeneity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and genomic landscapes of GBM across diverse ethnic populations to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods: Leveraging The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and bioinformatics modeling, White, African, and Asian American cohorts were analyzed. Patients were stratified according to the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Population-specific genomic drivers and phenotypic markers were evaluated for their impact on outcomes. Survival rates across age, sex, and ethnicity were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Incidence was highest among White American males aged 50–60 (n = 105, 34%) compared with females in the same age group (n = 48, 24%). Asian Americans exhibited a lower incidence rate (0.46-fold) compared to White individuals. In the adjusted model, Asian American ethnicity showed a trend toward a different survival outcome (HR 0.464; 95% CI 0.206–1.047; p = 0.064). The co-occurrence of chromosome 7 gains and chromosome 10 losses (+7/−10) was associated with significantly lower survival rates compared to those without combined alterations (HR 0.798; 95% CI 0.647–0.984; p = 0.035). Conclusions: Epidemiological evidence-based medicine shows that the chromosome +7/−10 genotype predicts poor survival, particularly in high-risk White (Caucasian) males. Its lower prevalence in African and Asian American cohorts suggests the presence of distinct ancestry-specific oncogenic drivers. Integrating ethnic stratification into clinical frameworks is essential for improving biomarker-informed diagnostics and ensuring equity in personalized GBM treatment strategies based on ancestry-informative genetic markers.

Keywords

Biomarker; chromosome 7 gains and chromosome 10 losses (chromosome +7/−10); epidemiology; ethnicity; glioblastoma; mortality; precision medicine

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