Open Access
ARTICLE
Poultry Manure as an Organic Fertilizer with or without Biochar Amendment: Influence on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lettuce and Spinach and Soil Nutrients
Hira Javaid Siddiqui1, Shamim Gul1,2,*, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar3, Umbreen Shaheen4, Gul Bano Rehman1, Naqeebullah Khan3, Samiullah3
1
Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
2
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Shamim Gul. Email:
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021, 90(2), 651-676. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2021.011413
Received 07 May 2020; Accepted 06 July 2020; Issue published 07 February 2021
Abstract
This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure + biochar (produced from farmyard manure [FYM] or wood), on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves
of lettuce and spinach. The concentration of mineral nitrogen (N) and soluble inorganic phosphorus (P) of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also investigated. The application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10%
(equivalent to 60 t ha
–1
, an estimated 1726.8 kg ha
–1 N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha
–1 N in FYM) and 15%
amendment (equivalent to 90 t ha
–1
, an estimated 2590.2 kg ha
–1 N in poultry manure and 2030.8 kg ha
–1 N in
FYM) significantly decreased biomass production of lettuce as compared to control (no fertilizer added) treatment.
However, mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived biochar at both application rates (i.e., 10% and 15%) and with
FYM biochar at lower application rate (i.e., 10%) caused 2–3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass and 2–14-fold
increase in root biomass (
p < 0.05). Furthermore, as compared to control treatment, a significant ~2–3-fold increase in
aboveground plant biomass was also observed in response to mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived and FYM
derived biochars at 10% amendment rates. As compared to control treatment, concentration of mineral N and soluble
inorganic P were higher in soils of all other treatments. In spinach, amendment of poultry manure or its co-amendment
with biochar of FYM significantly increased aboveground plant biomass at 7% (equivalent to 42 t ha
–1
) as compared to
3% and 5% amendment rates (equivalent to 18 and 30 t ha
–1 respectively). The concentration of soil mineral N and soil
soluble mineral P was not different between treatments. In lettuce, wood-derived biochar did not reduce concentration
of heavy metals (i.e., manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron, (Fe), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co)
than FYM-derived biochar while in spinach, as compared to poultry manure, co-amendment of poultry manure with
wood-derived biochar reduced concentration of heavy metals, indicating differential responses of crops to organic
amendments.
Keywords
Cite This Article
Siddiqui, H. J., Gul, S., Kakar, A., Shaheen, U., Rehman, G. B. et al. (2021). Poultry Manure as an Organic Fertilizer with or without Biochar Amendment: Influence on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lettuce and Spinach and Soil Nutrients.
Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, 90(2), 651–676. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2021.011413
Citations