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Drought Stress Alleviation in Chenopodium quinoa through Synergistic Effect of Silicon and Molybdenum via Triggering of SNF1-Associated Protein Kinase 2 Signaling Mechanism

Asmat Askar1,#, Humaira Gul1,#, Mamoona Rauf1, Muhammad Arif2, Bokyung Lee3, Sajid Ali4,*, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei5, Mikhlid H. Almutairi5, Zahid Ali Butt6, Ho-Youn Kim7, Muhammad Hamayun1,*

1 Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
2 Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
3 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Pusan, 602760, Republic of Korea
4 Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
5 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
7 Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Authors: Sajid Ali. Email: email; Muhammad Hamayun. Email: email
# Two authors equally contributed to this work

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Abiotic Stress Impacts on Plant Physiology and Their Alleviation)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024, 93(9), 2455-2478. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.054508

Abstract

Drought stress negatively impacts agricultural crop yields. By using mineral fertilizers and chemical regulators to encourage plant development and growth, its impact can be mitigated. The current study revealed that exogenous silicon (Si) (potassium silicate; K2Si2O5 at 1000 ppm) and molybdenum (Mo) (ammonium molybdate; (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O at 100 ppm) improved drought tolerance in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three biological replicates. The treatments comprised T0 (control, water spray), T4 (drought stress), and T1, T2, T3, T5, T6, and T7, i.e., foliar applications of silicon and molybdenum solutions individually and in combination. Results revealed that drought stress predominantly affected the quinoa yield by decreasing the growth, physiological, biochemical, metabolic, hormonal, antioxidant, and ionic attributes. On the contrary, the supplementation of Si and Mo enhanced the growth attributes (shoot, panicle, and root length, No. of leaves per plant, shoot and panicle fresh/dry weight, root fresh/dry weight, No. of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant), physiological traits (relative water content, chlorophyll, and carotenoids content), biochemical characteristics (total soluble sugars, protein and lipid content), metabolic attributes (total phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, lycopene, carotene), hormonal contents (indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA)), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase and ascorbic acid), and ionic content (potassium (K), (calcium) Ca, (magnesium) Mg, Si and Mo). Under drought stress, Si and Mo reduced electrolyte leakage, abscisic acid (ABA) content, H2O2 production, and sodium uptake. In addition, combined Si and Mo supplementation elevated the expression of the sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) (CqSNRK2.10) gene in quinoa under drought stress vs. control, signifying an essential regulatory function for Si and Mo-induced drought stress tolerance. These results imply that the exogenous administration of Si and Mo in combination might be an efficient method to alleviate drought stress on quinoa.

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APA Style
Askar, A., Gul, H., Rauf, M., Arif, M., Lee, B. et al. (2024). Drought stress alleviation in chenopodium quinoa through synergistic effect of silicon and molybdenum via triggering of snf1-associated protein kinase 2 signaling mechanism. Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, 93(9), 2455-2478. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.054508
Vancouver Style
Askar A, Gul H, Rauf M, Arif M, Lee B, Ali S, et al. Drought stress alleviation in chenopodium quinoa through synergistic effect of silicon and molybdenum via triggering of snf1-associated protein kinase 2 signaling mechanism. Phyton-Int J Exp Bot. 2024;93(9):2455-2478 https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.054508
IEEE Style
A. Askar et al., “Drought Stress Alleviation in Chenopodium quinoa through Synergistic Effect of Silicon and Molybdenum via Triggering of SNF1-Associated Protein Kinase 2 Signaling Mechanism,” Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot., vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 2455-2478, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.054508



cc Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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