Luksamee Vittaya^1,*, Chakhriya Chalad¹, Sittichoke Janyong², Nararak Leesakul³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4091-4115, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074891 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Calophyllum inophyllum is a tropical plant that could have useful medicinal properties for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The present study extracted the flower, fruit, leaf, twig, and bark of the plant by maceration in different organic solvents. The correlation between bioactive compounds and their biological activities was investigated, with emphasis on their therapeutic relevance through in silico pharmacokinetic predictions using SwissADME. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents of the extracts. Spectral analysis of the extracts revealed –OH, C=O, C=C, and C–H functional groups. The antioxidant activity of the… More > Graphic Abstract

Mintao Xu^1,#, Zichao Jin^1,#, Yangyang Tian¹, Jingcheng Zhang^1,*, Huiqin Ma¹, Yujin Jing¹, Jiangxing Wu², Jing Zhai²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4059-4078, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074422 - 29 December 2025

Abstract The frequent outbreaks of crop diseases pose a serious threat to global agricultural production and food security. Data-driven forecasting models have emerged as an effective approach to support early warning and management, yet the lack of user-friendly tools for model development remains a major bottleneck. This study presents the Multi-Scenario Crop Disease Forecasting Modeling System (MSDFS), an open-source platform that enables end-to-end model construction-from multi-source data ingestion and feature engineering to training, evaluation, and deployment-across four representative scenarios: static point-based, static grid-based, dynamic point-based, and dynamic grid-based. Unlike conventional frameworks, MSDFS emphasizes modeling flexibility, allowing… More >

Oleh Koshovyi¹, Amal D. Premarathna², Rando Tuvikene², Valdas Jakštas^3,4, Vaidotas Žvikas³, Yurii Hrytsyk⁵, Lyubov Grytsyk⁵, Andriy Grytsyk⁵, Jaan Liira⁶, Ain Raal^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3991-4019, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074153 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Gilia capitata Sims (Polemoniaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower. The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts (herb, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits). HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts. The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated in vitro, including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory response, and wound-healing potential.… More >

Tai Liu^1,#, Huichun Xu^1,#, Sikandar Amanullah^2,*, Ye Che¹, Ling Zhang¹, Zeyu Jiang¹, Weiyi Bi¹, Lei Zhu¹, Di Wang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4117-4137, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074131 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides, polluted water, and industrial gas emissions, which pose threats to sustainable crop production. Chromium (Cr) stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism, but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate (PD) stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological, physiological,… More >

Wenxiang Zhang^1,2, Wenning Cui¹, Juan Huang³, Zhangen Lu¹, Kuijing Liang¹, Lingbao Wang^1,2, Shanshan Wei^1,2, Liran Shi¹, Huifen Li¹, Xiaoli Guo^1,2,*, Jianhui Ma^4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3893-3912, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073736 - 29 December 2025

Abstract UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play essential roles in plant secondary metabolism and stress responses, yet their composition and functions in Sorghum bicolor, a model C4 plant, remain inadequately characterized. This study identified 196 SbUGT genes distributed across all 10 chromosomes and classified them into 16 subfamilies (A–P) through phylogenetic analysis. Among these, 61.2% were intronless, and 10 conserved motifs, including the UGT-specific PSPG box, were identified. Synteny analysis using MCScanX revealed 12 segmental duplication events and conserved syntenic relationships with other Poaceae species (rice, maize, and barley). Promoter analysis uncovered 125 distinct cis-acting elements, predominantly associated with stress and… More >

Elizabeth Martinez¹, Ana K. Escalera-Ordaz¹, Francisco J. Espinosa-García², Yolanda M. García-Rodríguez², Rafael Ariza-Flores³, Javier Ponce-Saavedra⁴, Patricio Apáez-Barrios⁵, Héctor Guillén-Andrade^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4155-4171, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073438 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in plant survival and adaptation. They contribute to defense against pests and pathogens, tolerance to abiotic stress, and the mediation of essential ecological interactions such as pollination and attraction of dispersal agents. The complex mixture of VOCs produced by an organism, known as volatilome, varies across species, populations, and individuals, making VOCs a major factor in crop diversification and adaptation. In this context, characterizing the volatilome of crop genotypes can provide insight into their ecological associations and potential relationships with agronomic traits. In this study, the volatilome… More >

Totan Kumar Ghosh¹, Md. Roushonuzzaman Rakib¹, Munna¹, S. M. Zubair AL-Meraj¹, Md. Moshiul Islam², Anika Nazran¹, Mohammad Golam Mostofa^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3925-3943, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073382 - 29 December 2025

Abstract The productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an economically important legume, is severely hindered by drought stress. While melatonin (Mel) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are known to alleviate abiotic stresses, their combined effects in mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress are unknown. Here, we examined the synergistic effects of Mel and MeJA in alleviating drought-associated oxidative damage in common bean. Compared with well-watered controls, drought stress caused a significant decline in plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II efficiency (F_v/F_m). Drought also significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, which likely contributed to membrane lipid peroxidation, as indicated by… More >

Seerat Singla¹, Gunjan Shandilya¹, Ayman Altameem², Ruby Pant³, Ajay Kumar⁴, Ateeq Ur Rehman^5,*, Ahmad Almogren^6,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4021-4057, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073354 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Turmeric Leaf diseases pose a major threat to turmeric cultivation, causing significant yield loss and economic impact. Early and accurate identification of these diseases is essential for effective crop management and timely intervention. This study proposes DenseSwinGNNNet, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates DenseNet-121, the Swin Transformer, and a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to enhance the classification of turmeric leaf conditions. DenseNet121 extracts discriminative low-level features, the Swin Transformer captures long-range contextual relationships through hierarchical self-attention, and the GNN models inter-feature dependencies to refine the final representation. A total of 4361 images from the… More >

Xiaoqin Zheng¹, Yuqing Wan¹, Qian Zhang², Liqin He², Shihao Tang¹, Qiguo Zhuang², Lihua Wang^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3879-3892, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073229 - 29 December 2025

Abstract To investigate endogenous hormone changes in “Hongyang” kiwifruit from overwintering buds to floral morphogenesis (bell-shaped flowering stage), systematic observations were conducted during the undifferentiated stage, axillary bud differentiation stage, and floral morphogenesis stage from late November 2023 to early April 2024. Paraffin sectioning was employed to examine floral bud morphology, while LC-MS targeted metabolomics quantified changes in 15 endogenous hormones across 8 classes. Results indicated floral bud differentiation commenced from late January to early February and concluded by mid-April, spanning approximately 70 days. Approximately 33 days after axillary bud initiation marked the axillary bud primordium… More >

Hafida Khelafi¹, Wassima Lakhdari², Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna³, Said Boudeffeur⁴, Hayet Meamiche¹, Salah Neghmouche Nacer^5,*, Meriam Laouar⁶

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3975-3989, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073210 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens. This study investigates the chemical composition, chromatographic profile, and antifungal of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), the pathogen responsible for Bayoud disease in date palm. The oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing multiple fractions corresponding to terpenoid constituents and 23 chemical constituents, predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes (68.51%), with piperitenone oxide as the major component (62.53%). The antifungal efficacy was evaluated… More >