Bailing Zhang^*, Genlang Chen

Journal of Intelligent Medicine and Healthcare, Vol.4, pp. 109-124, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jimh.2026.084876 - 21 July 2026

Abstract High-stakes clinical decision support (CDS) demands a property that aggregate accuracy cannot capture: a trace that a clinician who was not in the room can inspect layer by layer when the system is wrong. We argue that the way to obtain this property is to refuse to entangle the large language model (LLM) with the rest of the pipeline. We propose KRD (Knowledge–Rule–Decision), a four-component architecture that separates fact extraction, a compile-time clinical knowledge layer in the spirit of the LLM Wiki pattern of Karpathy, a rule layer of hand-written contraindications and heuristics, and a decision… More >

Oncology Research Editorial Office

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.088697 - 16 July 2026

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Chunwei Huang, Jingyi Kong, Hangxing Ren, Wanchen Zhang, Shi Jiang^*, Xianneng Sheng^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085387 - 16 July 2026

Abstract HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancer cases. Although the development of monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab, pertuzumab), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., lapatinib, pyrotinib), and antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., T-DM1, trastuzumab deruxtecan) has greatly improved patient prognosis, primary or acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy remains a major clinical challenge, leading to treatment failure and disease progression. Recent research has elucidated diverse resistance mechanisms, including HER2 signaling pathway aberrations (such as receptor mutations, alternative splicing, and bypass activation), tumor microenvironment remodeling (involving immunosuppressive cells, metabolic reprogramming, and immune checkpoint molecules), and ADC-specific resistance (impaired internalization,… More >

Ganxin Wang¹, Zhongan Liu¹, Tian Zhou², Boting Yang^1,3,4, Jiaqin Chen^1,3,4, Jing Chen², Kai Huang⁵, Yunqing Xu⁵, Quan Tang⁶, Xiangqian Yin⁵, Guangqin Xiao^1,*, Sijia Zhang^1,3,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083840 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Objectives: Ferroptosis resistance may contribute to tumor progression and immune escape. This study evaluated the prognostic and immunological significance of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a core ferroptosis-suppressive enzyme, in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 104 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection. GPX4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the histological score (H-score), and patients were classified as GPX4-low (n = 54) or GPX4-high (n = 50). Intratumoral immune contexture was quantified using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) staining.… More > Graphic Abstract

Tingting Yang¹, Meng Guan¹, Xin Guan¹, Lihua Kang¹, Xiaomeng Wang¹, Yanjie Guan¹, Yang Yang², Wei Deng³, Guoxiang Wang^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083563 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Background: Tumor-driven vascular remodeling is crucial for breast cancer metastasis; yet, the role of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs in this process remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance and the underlying mechanism of breast cancer-derived exosomal miR-92b-3p in endothelial reprogramming. Methods: miR-92b-3p expression was evaluated in the TCGA cohort and clinical patient samples. The effects of exosomal miR-92b-3p from breast cancer cells on recipient human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were assessed using in vitro angiogenesis, migration, and permeability assays, alongside in vivo murine xenograft models. Mechanistic targets were validated via dual-luciferase and rescue experiments. Results: miR-92b-3p was… More >

Abdullah Esmail^1,*, Waseem Abdelrahim², Ebtesam Al-Najjar¹, Raed Zaidan³, Tahrir Abdelrahim¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083192 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy that is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and remains associated with poor survival outcomes. Durable responses to systemic therapy in metastatic disease are uncommon. We report a case of metastatic PDAC with prolonged survival and sustained response following first-line treatment with NALIRIFOX. This report describes a patient with metastatic PDAC who achieved prolonged disease control and sustained response following first-line treatment with NALIRIFOX. Case Presentation: A 64-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, early satiety, weight loss, and markedly elevated CA 19-9 levels. Imaging demonstrated a pancreatic head… More >

Hui Zhou^1,2, Jiarui Wang³, Zhili Qiao⁴, Xin Liao^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082613 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Objectives: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been extensively studied as a metabolic regulator in glioma; however, its relationship with the tumour immune microenvironment and the cellular source of its expression within the glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterise UCP2 expression at single-cell resolution and evaluate its immunological significance in glioma. Methods: This study employed an integrative multi-omics approach incorporating bulk transcriptomics, scRNA-seq (GSE70630, GSE84465, and GSE89567; n = 13,216 cells), immune deconvolution, immunohistochemistry (n = 96 glioma patients), and immunofluorescence co-staining (n = 6). Results: Pan-cancer analysis confirmed UCP2… More >

Zixin Wan^1,2,#, Jingdan Quan^1,2,#, Yue Qiu^1,2, Zhiwei Zhang^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082561 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality worldwide. It has concealed early symptoms, poor prognosis for advanced patients, and limited efficacy of conventional treatments. Metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer, among which amino acid metabolic reprogramming plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of GC. By linking intracellular energy supply, biosynthetic demands, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, it participates in immune escape, redox homeostasis maintenance, and therapeutic resistance. Dysregulation of key amino acids, including arginine, tryptophan, glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, serine/glycine, and aspartic acid,… More >

Zhenan Lin^#, Zhongwu Chen^#, Zihua Deng, Tingting Bao, Sandi Shen^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082272 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Cluster of differentiation 48 (CD48) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family that is predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells and regulates immune-cell communication through 2B4 (CD244) and CD2. This narrative review critically summarizes the context-dependent role of CD48 in tumor immunity, with emphasis on the distinction between activating trans-interactions and potentially inhibitory cis-interactions. Evidence from hematologic malignancies and selected solid tumors indicates that CD48 may support antitumor immunity by facilitating natural killer (NK) cells activation, CD8⁺ T-cell co-stimulation, immune synapse formation, and effector cytokine production. Conversely, loss of CD48 expression, sustained… More >

Liu Liu^1,2, Jie Liu^1,2, Shuangchen Ning³, Jin Wang³, Yingchun He^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081869 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Objectives: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck malignancy in which post-treatment recurrence and distant metastasis remain major contributors to poor clinical outcomes. Although microRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of tumor progression, the role of miR-320d in NPC remains incompletely understood. This study evaluated the biological role of miR-320d and explored whether it is involved in regulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling axis. Methods: miR-320d was overexpressed in NPC cell lines S18 and 5-8F, and cell viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic… More >