Muhammad Salman Qamar1,*, Muhammad Fahad Munir2
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5463-5485, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064442
- 30 July 2025
Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as crucial tools for real-time environmental monitoring through distributed sensor nodes (SNs). However, the operational lifespan of WSNs is significantly constrained by the limited energy resources of SNs. Current energy efficiency strategies, such as clustering, multi-hop routing, and data aggregation, face challenges, including uneven energy depletion, high computational demands, and suboptimal cluster head (CH) selection. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a hybrid methodology that optimizes energy consumption (EC) while maintaining network performance. The proposed approach integrates the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy with Deterministic (LEACH-D) protocol using More >
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