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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Genetic Factors Influencing Response to Lipid-Lowering Therapies in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review

    Miguel Meñaca-Puentes1,*, Juan-Camilo Arias-Ospina1, Narmer F. Galeano2, Reinel Tabares-Soto1,3, Carlos Alberto Ruiz Villa1

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.6, pp. 743-767, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.070423 - 10 February 2026

    Abstract Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of global mortality, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol established as a primary causal risk factor. Despite widespread implementation of statin therapy, substantial interindividual variability in treatment response persists, necessitating precision medicine approaches to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This comprehensive narrative review synthesizes current understanding of pharmacogenomic determinants influencing lipid-lowering therapy efficacy, examines mechanisms underlying residual cardiovascular risk, and evaluates emerging therapeutic modalities targeting previously unexploited pathways in lipid metabolism. Genetic variants in key genes including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, apolipoprotein E, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 demonstrate significant… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The role of periodontal disease in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

    XIWEI ZHAO1,#, JINSONG WANG1,2,#, YIFAN XU1, JIAN ZHOU5,*, LEI HU1,3,4,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.7, pp. 1431-1438, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028217 - 21 June 2023

    Abstract Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with the gradual destruction of supporting tissues around the teeth, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum. Periodontitis has been found to potentially increase the risk of ASCVD. Generally, oral microorganisms and inflammation are the major factors for periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD. Recently, evidence has shown that the loss of masticatory function is another important factor of periodontitis to the incidence of More > Graphic Abstract

    The role of periodontal disease in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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