Zahraa N. Hussain^1,*, Jamal M. Ali^1,*, Hasan S. Majdi², Abbas J. Sultan¹, H. Al-Naseri³

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 351-370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056292 - 06 March 2025

Abstract The use of nanofluids as heat transfer media represents an innovative strategy to enhance heat transfer performances. This study investigates experimentally the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids containing TiO₂, CuO, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanoparticles as they flow through a copper tube. Both the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of these nanofluids were modeled and experimentally measured across varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol.%) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The findings indicate that the behavior of nanofluids depends on the parameter used for comparison with the base fluid. Notably, both More > Graphic Abstract

Weidong Li^1,2, Zh Yeng Chong³, Yaqing Mao^4,*, Wanying Zhang⁴, Wei Xu³, Mingwei Li⁵, Yiyun Wang⁶, Huaxia Xiong⁴

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 161-177, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.059090 - 03 March 2025

Abstract Background: The Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model in physical education (PE) has been shown to promote Social and emotional competence (SEC). However, the underlying mechanisms through which TPSR enhances SEC, particularly in university students within the Chinese context, remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of TPSR and the mediating roles of self-efficacy and grit in improving SEC. Methods: 71 Chinese university students were in the TPSR group, and 39 in the Traditional Teaching Model (TTM) control group, assessed before and after a 14-week intervention. The Adapted Social and Emotional Competence… More >

Josef Walek^*, Petr Lichý

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 3135-3153, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059889 - 03 March 2025

Abstract Plastometric experiments, supplemented with numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM), can be advantageously used to characterize the deformation behavior of metallic materials. The accuracy of such simulations predicting deformation behaviors of materials is, however, primarily affected by the applied rheology law. The presented study focuses on the characterization of the deformation behavior of AISI 1045 type carbon steel, widely used e.g., in automotive and power engineering, under extreme conditions (i.e., high temperatures, strain rates). The study consists of two main parts: experimentally analyzing the flow stress development of the steel under different thermomechanical… More >

Hongkun Lu^1,2,*, M. M. Noor^2,3,4,*, K. Kadirgama²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 299-324, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.059871 - 26 February 2025

Abstract To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack, this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates oscillating heat pipe (OHP) technology with liquid cooling. The primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser, enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and OHP. This study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the ⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTMS. Results show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability, with optimal… More >

Hanli Bi¹, Zheng Peng², Chenpeng Liu³, Zhichao Jia¹, Guoguang Li¹, Yuandong Guo², Hongxing Zhang^1,*, Jianyin Miao¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 55-70, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.057933 - 26 February 2025

Abstract As space technology advances, thermal control systems must effectively collect and dissipate heat from distributed, multi-source environments. Loop heat pipe is a highly reliable two-phase heat transfer component, but it has several limitations when addressing multi-source heat dissipation. Inspired by the transport and heat dissipation system of plants, large trees achieve stable and efficient liquid supply under the influence of two driving forces: capillary force during transpiration in the leaves (pull) and root pressure generated by osmotic pressure in the roots (push). The root pressure provides an effective liquid supply with a driving force exceeding… More >

Laith Abualigah^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 1539-1592, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060765 - 17 February 2025

Abstract Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been utilized as a useful tool for solving intricate optimization problems for various applications in different fields. This paper attempts to carry out an update on PSO and gives a review of its recent developments and applications, but also provides arguments for its efficacy in resolving optimization problems in comparison with other algorithms. Covering six strategic areas, which include Data Mining, Machine Learning, Engineering Design, Energy Systems, Healthcare, and Robotics, the study demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of the PSO. Experimental results are, however, used to show the strong and More >

Zakaria Laggoun^1,*, Amel Khalfaoui¹, Kerroum Derbal^2,*, Amira Fadia Ghomrani³, Abderrezzaq Benalia^2,4, Antonio Pizzi⁵

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 127-146, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056970 - 20 January 2025

Abstract This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes, Cibacron Green H3G (CG-H3G) and Terasil Red (TR), in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes (TR+CG-H3G). The Cockle Shell (CS) was used as a natural bio-adsorbent. The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases (single and binary system) and determined by: contact… More > Graphic Abstract

Ruikun Xu¹, Jiu Li¹, Wenjie Li¹, Wei Zhang^2,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 285-305, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.057513 - 15 January 2025

Abstract This study investigates the bond performance at the interfacial region shared by Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) and steel tubes through push-out tests. This study examines how changes in steel fiber volumetric ratio and thickness of steel tube influence the bond strength characteristics. The results show that as the enhancement of the steel tube wall thickness, the ultimate bond strength at the interface improves significantly, whereas the initial bond strength exhibits only slight variations. The influence of steel fiber volumetric ratio presents a nonlinear trend, with initial bond strength decreasing at low fiber content and increasing More >

Zhi-Xiang Wei¹, Wen-Wei Wang^2,*, Yan-Jie Xue³, Wu-Tong Zhang², Qiu-Di Huang²

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 347-364, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.054559 - 15 January 2025

Abstract To investigate the performance of utilizing the shape memory effect of SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) wire to generate recovery stress, this paper performed single heating recovery stress tests and reciprocating heating-cooling recovery stress tests on SMA wire under varying initial strain conditions. The effects of various strains and different energized heating methods on the recovery stress of SMA wires were explored in the single heating tests. The SMA wire was strained from 2% to 8% initially, and two distinct heating approaches were employed: one using a large current interval for rapid heating and one using… More >

Ao Shen¹, Zhiquan Lai^1,*, Dongsheng Li^1,*, Xiaoyu Hu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 307-325, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057491 - 03 January 2025

Abstract Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing (NLP), driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm. While this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs, the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader deployment. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational efficiency. Among these, QLoRA, which combines PEFT and quantization, has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning, prompting the development… More >