Ahmed H. Msmali¹, Fazal Dayan^2,*, Muhammad Rafiq³, Nauman Ahmed⁴, Abdullah Ali H. Ahmadini¹, Hassan A. Hamali⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 2251-2269, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040266

Abstract In this article, a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) epidemic model is considered. The equilibrium analysis and reproduction number are studied. The conventional models have made assumptions of homogeneity in disease transmission that contradict the actual reality. However, it is crucial to consider the heterogeneity of the transmission rate when modeling disease dynamics. Describing the heterogeneity of disease transmission mathematically can be achieved by incorporating fuzzy theory. A numerical scheme nonstandard, finite difference (NSFD) approach is developed for the studied model and the results of numerical simulations are presented. Simulations of the constructed scheme are presented. The positivity, convergence and consistency of the… More >

Wafa F. Alfwzan¹, Dumitru Baleanu^2,3,4, Fazal Dayan^5,*, Sami Ullah⁵, Nauman Ahmed^4,6, Muhammad Rafiq^7,8, Ali Raza^4,9

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.2, pp. 1909-1924, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.039249

Abstract A susceptible, exposed, infectious, quarantined and recovered (SEIQR) model with fuzzy parameters is studied in this work. Fuzziness in the model arises due to the different degrees of susceptibility, exposure, infectivity, quarantine and recovery among the computers under consideration due to the different sizes, models, spare parts, the surrounding environments of these PCs and many other factors like the resistance capacity of the individual PC against the virus, etc. Each individual PC has a different degree of infectivity and resistance against infection. In this scenario, the fuzzy model has richer dynamics than its classical counterpart in epidemiology. The reproduction number… More >

Dumitru Baleanu^1,2,3, Fazal Dayan⁴, Nauman Ahmed^3,5,*, Muhammad Rafiq^6,7, Ali Raza^3,8, Muhammad Ozair Ahmad⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 4175-4189, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034868

Abstract The first major outbreak of the severely complicated hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), primarily caused by enterovirus 71, was reported in Taiwan in 1998. HFMD surveillance is needed to assess the spread of HFMD. The parameters we use in mathematical models are usually classical mathematical parameters, called crisp parameters, which are taken for granted. But any biological or physical phenomenon is best explained by uncertainty. To represent a realistic situation in any mathematical model, fuzzy parameters can be very useful. Many articles have been published on how to control and prevent HFMD from the perspective of public health and… More >

M. M. Alqarni¹, Muhammad Rafiq², Fazal Dayan^3,*, Jan Awrejcewicz⁴, Nauman Ahmed⁵, Ali Raza⁶, Muhammad Ozair Ahmad⁵, Witold Pawłowski⁷, Emad E. Mahmoud⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 6371-6388, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033553

Abstract Amoebiasis is a parasitic intestinal infection caused by the highly pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. It is spread through person-to-person contact or by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with feces. Its transmission rate depends on the number of cysts present in the environment. The traditional models assumed a homogeneous and contradictory transmission with reality. The heterogeneity of its transmission rate is a significant factor when modeling disease dynamics. The heterogeneity of disease transmission can be described mathematically by introducing fuzzy theory. In this context, a fuzzy SEIR Amoebiasis disease model is considered in this study. The equilibrium analysis and… More >

Reemah M. Alhebshi¹, Nauman Ahmed², Dumitru Baleanu^3,4,5, Umbreen Fatima^6,*, Fazal Dayan⁷, Muhammad Rafiq^8,9, Ali Raza¹⁰, Muhammad Ozair Ahmad², Emad E. Mahmoud¹¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.3, pp. 5663-5678, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033319

Abstract Typically, a computer has infectivity as soon as it is infected. It is a reality that no antivirus programming can identify and eliminate all kinds of viruses, suggesting that infections would persevere on the Internet. To understand the dynamics of the virus propagation in a better way, a computer virus spread model with fuzzy parameters is presented in this work. It is assumed that all infected computers do not have the same contribution to the virus transmission process and each computer has a different degree of infectivity, which depends on the quantity of virus. Considering this, the parameters and being… More >

Fazal Dayan^1,*, Dumitru Baleanu^2,3,4, Nauman Ahmed⁵, Jan Awrejcewicz⁶, Muhammad Rafiq⁷, Ali Raza⁸, Muhammad Ozair Ahmad⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 2345-2361, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033261

Abstract The application of fuzzy theory is vital in all scientific disciplines. The construction of mathematical models with fuzziness is little studied in the literature. With this in mind and for a better understanding of the disease, an SEIR model of malaria transmission with fuzziness is examined in this study by extending a classical model of malaria transmission. The parameters and , being function of the malaria virus load, are considered fuzzy numbers. Three steady states and the reproduction number of the model are analyzed in fuzzy senses. A numerical technique is developed in a fuzzy environment to solve the studied… More >

F. M. Allehiany¹, Fazal Dayan^2,3,*, F. F. Al-Harbi⁴, Nesreen Althobaiti⁵, Nauman Ahmed², Muhammad Rafiq⁶, Ali Raza⁷, Mawahib Elamin⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 3213-3229, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025811

Abstract Fuzziness or uncertainties arise due to insufficient knowledge, experimental errors, operating conditions and parameters that provide inaccurate information. The concepts of susceptible, infectious and recovered are uncertain due to the different degrees in susceptibility, infectivity and recovery among the individuals of the population. The differences can arise, when the population groups under the consideration having distinct habits, customs and different age groups have different degrees of resistance, etc. More realistic models are needed which consider these different degrees of susceptibility infectivity and recovery of the individuals. In this paper, a Susceptible, Infected and Recovered (SIR) epidemic model with fuzzy parameters… More >