Jie Jin¹, Tianci Wang¹, Yaning Wang¹, Jingqi Yao², Jinxiu Song^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3611-3632, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.070680 - 01 December 2025

Abstract In plant factory with artificial lighting, precise regulation of environmental and nutritional factors is essential to optimize both growth and quality of leafy vegetables. This study systematically evaluated the combined effects of light intensity (150, 200, 250 μmol/(m²·s)) and calcium supply in the nutrient solution (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mmol/L) on lettuce morphology, photosynthesis, quality indices, and tipburn incidence. Elevating light from 150 to 200 μmol/(m²·s) significantly enhanced leaf number, area, photosynthetic rate, biomass, and foliar calcium. These gains plateaued at 250 μmol/(m²·s), where tipburn incidence surged to 76.5%. Photosynthetic pigments progressively rose with light intensity. Calcium supply… More >

Ayaz Hussain¹, Asad Hayat², Muhammad Hasnain^1,*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 485-498, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.071933 - 17 November 2025

Abstract Violent hate speech and scapegoating people against one another have emerged as a rising worldwide issue. But identifying and combating such content is crucial to create safer and more inclusive societies. The current study conducted research using Machine Learning models to classify hate speech and overcome the limitations posed in the existing detection techniques. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Decision Tree were used on top of a publicly available hate speech dataset. The data was preprocessed by cleaning the text and tokenization and using normalization techniques to efficiently train the… More >

Ihsan Qadir¹, Usama Naeem², Ahmed Nouman³, Aamir Raza⁴, Jun Wu^1,*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 831-853, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.069020 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The Jhelum River Basin in Pakistan has experienced recurrent and severe flooding over the past several decades, leading to substantial economic losses, infrastructure damage, and socio-environmental disruptions. This study uses multi-temporal satellite remote sensing data with historical hydrological records to map the spatial and temporal dynamics of major flood events occurring between 1988 and 2019. By utilizing satellite imagery from Landsat 5, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2, key flood events were analyzed through the application of water indices such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the Modified NDWI (MNDWI) to delineate flood extents. Historical… More >

Lihao Zhang^1,2, Lin Cao^1,2, Lige Huang^1,2, Jie Wang^1,2, Jiabing Li^2,3,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 457-468, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.067364 - 30 October 2025

Abstract Background: Studies have indicated an association between inflammatory factors (IFs) in the blood and the development of bladder cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore the correlation and clinical significance of IFs with the pathological grading of BC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the preoperative blood routine results, postoperative pathological findings, and baseline information of 163 patients. Patients were divided into high-grade and low-grade groups based on pathological grading. Group comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed using R software version 4.1.3 to explore the relationships between IFs and BC pathological grading. Results: The… More >

Shuaimei Lian, Pingping Liu, Wenling Liao^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1395-1415, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.069454 - 31 October 2025

Abstract In this work, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of combining ribs and triangular cavities on the thermal-hydraulic performance (THP) of MCHS at fluid velocities ranging from 1 to 4 m/s (corresponding to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 129.75 to 519). Specifically, the ribs are positioned on the bottom wall, and the rib width is equal to the mini-channel width, while the triangular cavities are arranged on the two side walls of the MCHS. By analyzing and comparing key parameters such as velocity distribution, streamline patterns, pressure drop, skin friction coefficient (C_f), Nusselt number (Nu), friction… More >

Hao Tan^1,2, Zeai Huang^1,2,*, Runxian Gong², Junming Mei², Kejie Wu², Tianyu Yan², Daoquan Zhu², Zhibin Zhang², Ruiyang Zhang^1,2

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4331-4347, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070226 - 27 October 2025

Abstract Under the driving goal of carbon neutrality, biogas reforming technology has garnered significant attention due to its ability to convert greenhouse gases (CH₄/CO₂) into syngas (H₂/CO). Conventional nickel-based catalysts suffer from issues such as carbon deposition, sintering and sulfur poisoning. Non-nickel-based perovskite materials, with their tunable crystal structure, dynamic oxygen vacancy characteristics, and excellent anti-coking/anti-sulfur performance, have emerged as a promising alternative. This review systematically summarizes the design for non-nickel-based perovskite materials, including optimizing lattice oxygen migration ability and active site stability by A/B site doping, defect engineering and heterojunction construction. The enhancing the conversion rate… More > Graphic Abstract

Chiao-Ping Chen^1,2, Yan-Jei Tang^1,2, You-Yan Cai¹, Yi-Ru Pan³, Chun-Nan Yeh^3,4, Wen-Kuan Huang^1,2, Chih-Hong Lo^1,2, Yu-Tien Hsiao^1,2, Hsuan-Jen Shih^1,*, Chiao-En Wu^1,2,4,5,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3429-3446, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066672 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Background: KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT, CD117) and platelet-derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA) are key drivers of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but resistance to targeted therapy often arises from tumor protein p53 (p53) alterations and loss of cell cycle control. However, the role of p53 status in GIST therapeutic potential has rarely been studied, so this study aimed to employ both wild-type and mutant p53 GIST models to investigate how p53 dysfunction influences the efficacy of p53 pathway-targeted therapies. Methods: The efficacy of the mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor (HDM201) and the Wee1… More >

Nur Sabrina Jamal, Nabilah Naharudin^*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 751-776, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.071091 - 17 October 2025

Abstract Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has been integrated with GIS modelling by many studies to aid the decision-making process. This integration enhances modelling by incorporating spatial relationships and using advanced techniques, including the combination of Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), also known as FR-AHP. Although methods like Two-Steps Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA), AHP, and FR are widely applied in measuring accessibility, they have limitations in terms of threshold sensitivity and subjectivity. Hence, this study used FR-AHP, which combines the data-driven strength of FR and the structured decision-making technique of AHP to provide a… More >

Victor Otieno Mony^*, Anselemo Peters Ikoha, Roselida O. Maroko

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 395-415, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.070952 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The widespread adoption of Cloud-Based Services has significantly increased the surface area for cyber threats, particularly targeting authentication mechanisms, which remain among the most vulnerable components of cloud security. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing and evaluating an Intelligent Zero Trust Architecture model tailored to mitigate authentication-related threats in Cloud-Based Services environments. Data was sourced from public repositories, including Kaggle and the National Institute for Standards and Technology MITRE Corporation’s Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, & Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) framework. The study utilized two trust signals: Behavioral targeting system users and Contextual targeting system… More >

Chih-Yu Liu^1,2, Cheng-Yu Ku^1,2,*, Ming-Han Tsai¹, Jia-Yi You³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 2969-2990, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.070663 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Amid growing typhoon risks driven by climate change with projected shifts in precipitation intensity and temperature patterns, Taiwan faces increasing challenges in flood risk. In response, this study proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based artificial intelligence (AI) model to assess flood susceptibility in Keelung City, integrating geospatial and hydrometeorological data collected during Typhoon Krathon (2024). The model employs the random forest (RF) algorithm, using seven environmental variables excluding average elevation, slope, topographic wetness index (TWI), frequency of cumulative rainfall threshold exceedance, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), flow accumulation, and drainage density, with the number of… More >