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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Evidence and Future Directions

    Takeshi Toyozumi1,*, Hideaki Shimada2, Hisahiro Matsubara1

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3185-3206, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.065818 - 22 October 2025

    Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has long been established as an important treatment option for cancers. In particular, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) has been reported to be effective against various gastrointestinal cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer); however, the treatment phase in which ICI should be used and how it should be incorporated into the treatment strategy vary depending on the cancer type being treated. Multiple clinical trials and basic research on ICIs are currently underway, and new insights from these results will continue to change the clinical treatment strategy of gastrointestinal cancers. While it is desirable… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Fusion of Residual Blocks and Stack Auto Encoder Features for Stomach Cancer Classification

    Abdul Haseeb1, Muhammad Attique Khan2,*, Majed Alhaisoni3, Ghadah Aldehim4, Leila Jamel4, Usman Tariq5, Taerang Kim6, Jae-Hyuk Cha6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.3, pp. 3895-3920, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.045244 - 26 December 2023

    Abstract Diagnosing gastrointestinal cancer by classical means is a hazardous procedure. Years have witnessed several computerized solutions for stomach disease detection and classification. However, the existing techniques faced challenges, such as irrelevant feature extraction, high similarity among different disease symptoms, and the least-important features from a single source. This paper designed a new deep learning-based architecture based on the fusion of two models, Residual blocks and Auto Encoder. First, the Hyper-Kvasir dataset was employed to evaluate the proposed work. The research selected a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model and improved it with several residual blocks.… More >

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