Khalid Hamid¹, Muhammad Waseem Iqbal^2,*, Muhammad Usman Ashraf³, Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi⁴, Adel A. Bahaddad⁵, Khalid Ali Almarhabi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 363-378, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032271

Abstract Due to a tremendous increase in mobile traffic, mobile operators have started to restructure their networks to offload their traffic. New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. For the formal reason, the study solves the physical network of the mobile base station for the prediction of the best characteristics to develop an enhanced network with the help of graph theory. Any number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph invariant. During the last two decades, innumerable numerical graph invariants have been portrayed and used… More >

Sohail Abbas¹, Zahid Raza², Nida Siddiqui², Faheem Khan³, Taegkeun Whangbo^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 2683-2695, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.023003

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered to be one of the fundamental technologies employed in the Internet of things (IoT); hence, enabling diverse applications for carrying out real-time observations. Robot navigation in such networks was the main motivation for the introduction of the concept of landmarks. A robot can identify its own location by sending signals to obtain the distances between itself and the landmarks. Considering networks to be a type of graph, this concept was redefined as metric dimension of a graph which is the minimum number of nodes needed to identify all the nodes of the graph. This… More >