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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Hybrid Laplace Transform/Finite Difference Boundary Element Method for Diffusion Problems

    A. J. Davies1, D. Crann1, S. J. Kane1, C-H. Lai2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 79-86, 2007, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2007.018.079

    Abstract The solution process for diffusion problems usually involves the time development separately from the space solution. A finite difference algorithm in time requires a sequential time development in which all previous values must be determined prior to the current value. The Stehfest Laplace transform algorithm, however, allows time solutions without the knowledge of prior values. It is of interest to be able to develop a time-domain decomposition suitable for implementation in a parallel environment. One such possibility is to use the Laplace transform to develop coarse-grained solutions which act as the initial values for a More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Synaptonemal complexes and XY behavior in two species of argentinian armadillos: Chaetophractus villosus and Dasypus hybridus (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae)

    R. B. SCIURANO, M.S. MERANI, JIMENA BUSTOS, A.J. SOLARI

    BIOCELL, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 57-66, 2006, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2006.30.057

    Abstract Spermatocytes from the two armadillo species, C. villosus and D. hybridus were studied in microspreads for synaptonemal complexes (SCs) and in thin sections for electron microscopy (EM). The complete SC karyotype generally agrees with previous reports on mitotic chromosomes, except for the sex chromosomes. The X chromosome is submetacentric in both species and the Y is the shortest one in C. villosus and the second shortest in D. hybridus, and an extremely acrocentric one. A SC is formed along the total length of the Y chromosome, and this SC persists along all the pachytene substages. A single recombination nodule… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Visualization of the ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) of Indica rice with FISH on some phases of cell cycle and extended DNA fibers

    ZONG-YUN LI1,2*, MEI-LI FU1, FANG-FANG HU1, SHU-FENG HUANG1, YUN-CHUN SONG2

    BIOCELL, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 27-32, 2006, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2006.30.027

    Abstract The ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) behaviors during the cell cycle were analyzed on interphase nuclei, prophases, metaphases, pachytene chromosomes and extended DNA fibers in rice (Oryza,sativa ssp.indica cv.Guangluai No.4) by using high-resolution fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results show that 45S rDNA is located at the ends of short arms of chromosomes 9 and 10. But the signals are much more intense on chromosome 9 than on chromosome 10 in metaphase. Pachytene chromosome has rDNA signal arrays on chromosome 9. Different phases are described and discussed. These results indicate that the activity of rDNA at individual More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Effects of Cyclic Strains on the Hybrid Aligned Nanofibrous Scaffold Seeded with Smooth Muscle Cells

    J. W. Shin1,3, Y. J. Kim2, J. H. Kim1, Y. J. Lee3, S. J. Heo3, Y. M. Hwang1,3, D. H. Kim1,3, J. W. Shin1,3*

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.3, No.4, pp. 223-224, 2006, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2006.003.223

    Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Application of a Hybrid Inverse Boundary Element Problem Engine for the Solution of Potential Problems

    S. Noroozi1, P. Sewell1, J. Vinney1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 171-180, 2006, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2006.014.171

    Abstract A method that combines a modified back propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Boundary Element Analysis (BEA) was introduced and discussed in the author's previous papers. This paper discusses the development of an automated inverse boundary element problem engine. This inverse problem engine can be applied to both potential and elastostatic problems.
    In this study, BEA solutions of a two-dimensional potential problem is utilised to test the system and to train a back propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Once training is completed and the transfer function is created, the solution to any subsequent or new… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Hybrid FEM/BEM Approach for Designing an Aircraft Engine Structural Health Monitoring

    S.C. Forth1, A. Staroselsky2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 287-298, 2005, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2005.009.287

    Abstract A new hybrid surface-integral-finite-element numerical scheme has been developed to model a three-dimensional crack propagating through a thin, multi-layered coating. The finite element method was used to model the physical state of the coating, and the surface integral method was used to model the fatigue crack growth. The two formulations are coupled through the need to satisfy boundary conditions on the crack and external surface. The coupling is sufficiently weak that the surface integral mesh of the crack surface and the finite element mesh of the uncracked volume can be set up independently. Thus, when More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Elastic waves in a hybrid multilayered piezoelectric plate

    X. Han1, H. Ding∗2, G. R. Liu1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.9, No.1, pp. 49-56, 2005, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2005.009.049

    Abstract An analytical-numerical method is presented for analyzing dispersion and characteristic surface of waves in a hybrid multilayered piezoelectric plate. In this method, the multilayered piezoelectric plate is divided into a number of layered elements with three-nodal-lines in the wall thickness, the coupling between the elastic field and the electric field is considered in each element. The associated frequency dispersion equation is developed and the phase velocity and slowness, as well as the group velocity and slowness are established in terms of the Rayleigh quotient. Six characteristic wave surfaces are introduced to visualize the effects of More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A four-node hybrid assumed-strain finite element for laminated composite plates

    A. Cazzani1, E. Garusi2, A. Tralli3, S.N. Atluri4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 23-38, 2005, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2005.002.023

    Abstract Fibre-reinforced plates and shells are finding an increasing interest in engineering applications. Consequently, efficient and robust computational tools are required for the analysis of such structural models. As a matter of fact, a large amount of laminate finite elements have been developed and incorporated in most commercial codes for structural analysis. \newline In this paper a new laminate hybrid assumed-strain plate element is derived within the framework of the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (i.e. assuming that particles of the plate originally lying along a straight line which is normal to the undeformed middle surface remain… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cantilever Arrays for Multiplexed Mechanical Analysis of Biomolecular Reactions

    Min Yue1,1, Jeanne C. Stachowiak1,1,2,2, Arunava Majumdar1,1,3,3

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 211-220, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.211

    Abstract Microchips;ontaining arrays of cantilever beams have been used to mechanically detect and quantitatively analyze multiple reactions of DNA hybridization and antigen-antibody binding simultaneously. The reaction-induced deflection of a cantilever beam reflects the interplay between strain energy increase of the beam and the free energy reduction of a reaction, providing an ideal tool for investigating the connection between mechanics and chemistry of biomolecular reactions. Since free energy reduction is common for all reactions, the cantilever array forms a universal platform for label-free detection of various specific biomolecular reactions. A few such reactions and their implications in More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Hybrid Atomistic–Continuum Formulation for Unsteady, Viscous, Incompressible Flows

    H.S. Wijesinghe1, N.G. Hadjiconstantinou2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.5, No.6, pp. 515-526, 2004, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2004.005.515

    Abstract We present an implicit hybrid atomisticcontinuum formulation for unsteady, viscous, incompressible flows. The coupling procedure is derived from a domain decomposition method known as the Schwarz alternating method. A dilute gas impulsive Couette flow test problem is used to verify the hybridscheme. Finally, a method to reduce computational costs through limited ensemble averaging is presented. The implicit formulation proposed here is expected to be significantly faster than a time explicit approach based on a compressible formulation for the simulation of low speed flows such as those found in micro- and nano–scale devices. More >

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