Mohammed Shamar Yadkar¹, Sefer Kurnaz¹, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed^2,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079408 - 09 April 2026

Abstract This advanced research describes CycleGAN-RRW, a new reversible watermarking system for secure image ownership authentication. It uses Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks with adaptive feature encoding. In areas such as law, forensics, and telemedicine, digital images usually contain private info that may be changed or used without authorization. Existing watermarking methods may decrease image quality, may not be reversible, or need outside keys. To address these problems, our model embeds metadata into intermediate feature maps with Adaptive Instance Normalization (AdaIN), based on adversarial and perceptual loss. The dual-generator design permits two-way translation between original and watermarked… More >

Yan-Hao Huang^*, Chung-Ming Kao

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079381 - 09 April 2026

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) equivalent-circuit models are widely used for performance evaluation and diagnostics, but their usefulness relies on both accurate calibration and interpretable understanding of how parameters shape current–voltage (I–V) behavior. For nonlinear and strongly coupled PV models, conventional global sensitivity analysis can be computationally demanding and offer limited insight into effect direction and operating-point dependence. This study presents an method-oriented framework that integrates nature-inspired optimization with surrogate-based explainable global sensitivity analysis under a specified operating condition. The Starfish Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) is first used for parameter identification by searching for the optimal parameter set that… More >

Semih Nart¹, Emre Güler², Melek Güler², Gökay Uğur^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079045 - 09 April 2026

Abstract Fluoride materials are renowned for their exceptional optical transparency, ionic conductivity, and chemical stability, making them indispensable in a wide range of technological applications. Despite the previous extensive research on simple metal fluorides, the complex metal fluoride family—particularly compounds with AB₂F₈ stoichiometry—remains largely unexplored. In this work, we present the first comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the rare and formerly unreported MgAu₂F₈ complex metal fluoride, systematically revealing its electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties under varying hydrostatic pressures. Our results reveal that MgAu₂F₈ undergoes a remarkable transformation from a wide-bandgap semiconductor at ambient conditions to a More >

Osamah Mohammed Alyasiri^1,2, Yu-N Cheah^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078927 - 09 April 2026

Abstract Term weighting scheme and feature selection are two fundamental components in text classification (TC) systems, particularly in high-dimensional, multi-class, and imbalanced settings. Term weighting schemes aim to improve document representation by emphasizing discriminative terms across classes, while feature selection (FS) seeks to reduce dimensionality, eliminate irrelevant and redundant features, and enhance classification efficiency and effectiveness. However, most existing studies focus on FS independently of the term-weighting strategy used during document representation, thereby limiting the potential benefits of their interaction. This study addresses this gap by pursuing two main objectives. First, it employs an enhanced supervised… More >

Mahmoud M. A. Kamel^1,2, Yu Fu³, S. Z. Abeer⁴, Zaman Mohamed Al-Delfi⁴, Yijiang Peng^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078775 - 09 April 2026

Abstract Crumb rubber concrete (CRC) has emerged as a sustainable solution to the environmental challenges posed by rubber waste. This study introduces an advanced mixed-random-aggregate mesoscale model for CRC based on the Base Force Element Method (BFEM) and the complementary energy principle. The model incorporates different rubber substitution ratios (0%–30%), rubber particle sizes (2 mm and 4 mm), and specimen dimensions (edge lengths of 100, 150, and 300 mm). These parameters are considered to investigate their effects on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of CRC. Accordingly, the numerical results include stress–strain responses, elastic modulus, and… More >

Yasemin O. Ciftci¹, İlknur K. Durukan¹, Upasana Rani², Peeyush Kumar Kamlesh^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078722 - 09 April 2026

Abstract This study examines the phase-dependent structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic characteristics of the cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic phases of BaTiO₃ using DFT simulations. Lattice parameters and bulk moduli computed through structural optimizations within the GGA-PBE framework are in good agreement with existing experimental and theoretical studies. All phases exhibit negative formation energies, indicating thermodynamic stability, with the orthorhombic phase being the most stable. Electronic structure calculations reveal indirect band gaps of 2.86, 2.96, and 3.43 eV for the cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The density of states analysis indicates that O-p states dominate the valence… More >

Jiamin Xue¹, Jiexi Song^2,*, Diwei Shi^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078225 - 09 April 2026

Abstract MAB phases are a class of layered ternary transition-metal borides, characterized by hard M-B slabs interleaved with softer A-element layers, and thus hold promise for wear-resistant and high-temperature structural applications. However, their compositional space and structural diversity remain insufficiently explored, limiting guidance for synthesis and property optimization. In this work, we perform a comprehensive exploration and screening of the MAB family using high-throughput first-principles calculations. We systematically identify 855 candidate MAB compounds with orthorhombic and hexagonal structures across multiple transition-metal families, which form the starting pool for subsequent stability and property evaluation. The workflow evaluates… More >

Jiajia Liu^1,2, Shuchen Pang³, Peng Xie³, Haitao Zhou³, Chenxi Du³, Haoran Hu³, Bo Tang³, Jianhua Liu³, Fei Jia¹, Huibing Zhang^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.077824 - 09 April 2026

Abstract In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted edge computing system, the broadcast characteristics of the UAV signal, the high mobility of the UAV, and the limited airborne energy make the task offloading strategy face challenges such as increased risk of information disclosure, limited computing resources, and the trade-off between energy consumption and flight time. To address these issues, we propose a K-means in-depth reinforcement learning algorithm based on Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). The proposed method first leverages the K-means clustering algorithm to determine the optimal deployment of ground jammers based on the final distribution of mobile… More >

Bofan Yang, Bingbing Li, Chuanping Hu^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.077697 - 09 April 2026

Abstract The rapid evolution of malware obfuscation and packing techniques significantly undermines the effectiveness of traditional static detection approaches. Transforming malware binaries into grayscale or RGB images enables learning-based classification, yet existing CNN- and ViT-based models depend heavily on fixed-resolution inputs and exhibit poor robustness under cross-resolution distortions. This study proposes a lightweight and sample-adaptive Multi-Scale Vision Transformer (MSA-ViT) for efficient and robust malware image classification. MSA-ViT leverages a fixed set of input scales and integrates them using a Scale-Attention Fusion (SAF) module, where the largest-scale CLS token serves as the query to dynamically aggregate cross-scale More >

Kai Li¹, Guolei Wang², Dunmin Lu^1,*, Yanbin Yao³, Zhiyong Li⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.077651 - 09 April 2026

Abstract To address the need for improving the efficiency of spray painting large and complex curved surfaces, this study investigates the arm–rail coordinated spray painting operation method and proposes a robot workspace calculation method for efficient spray area partitioning. The steps for calculating the workspace under the constraints of the principal normal vector and the conical pose domain are introduced, along with an analysis of the robot’s forward and inverse kinematics. Simulation validation was conducted using a wind turbine blade as the target object. The results show that the workspace based on conical pose domain constraints More >