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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Radiative Flow of Ag-Fe3O4/Water Hybrid Nanofluids Induced by a Shrinking/Stretching Disk with Influence of Velocity and Thermal Slip Conditions

    Muhammad Zubair Mustafa1, Sumera Dero1, Liaquat Ali Lund2, Mehboob Ul Hassan3, Umair Khan4,5,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 499-513, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061804 - 11 April 2025

    Abstract This paper discusses the model of the boundary layer (BL) flow and the heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over shrinking/stretching disks. In addition, the thermal radiation and the impact of velocity and thermal slip boundary conditions are also examined. The considered hybrid nano-fluid contains silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles dispersed in the water to prepare the Ag-Fe3O4/water-based hybrid nanofluid. The requisite posited partial differential equations model is converted to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. For a numerical solution, the shooting method in Maple is employed. Moreover, the duality in solutions is… More > Graphic Abstract

    Radiative Flow of Ag-Fe<sub><b>3</b></sub>O<sub><b>4</b></sub>/Water Hybrid Nanofluids Induced by a Shrinking/Stretching Disk with Influence of Velocity and Thermal Slip Conditions

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Ecological Factors Influencing Morphology and Tropane Alkaloid Content in Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher

    Chen Chen1,2, Fengqin Liu1, Jianan Li2, Bo Wang2, Yuanming Xiao2, Tao Sun1, Guoying Zhou2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 973-986, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062421 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher, a medicinal plant in the Solanaceae family, is widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its medicinal properties, particularly the tropane alkaloids, are influenced by various ecological factors, but the underlying ecological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how key environmental variables influence both the morphological traits and tropane alkaloid contents of A. tanguticus, with the goal of providing data to support the sustainable cultivation and management of this species. We collected samples from 71 sites across its natural habitat, analyzing the effects of factors such as soil nutrients, altitude, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Surface Tension on the Dynamics of an Oscillating Interface in a Vertical Slotted Channel

    Veronika Dyakova1,2,*, Olga Vlasova1, Victor Kozlov1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 493-508, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.060577 - 01 April 2025

    Abstract An experimental investigation of the dynamics of the interface between two low-viscosity fluids with high density contrast oscillating in a fixed vertical slotted channel has been conducted. It has been found that as the amplitude of the liquid column oscillations increases, parametric oscillations of the interface are excited in the form of a standing wave located in the channel plane. In particular, depending on the interfacial tension, the standing waves have a frequency equal to that of liquid piston oscillations (harmonic response), or half of the frequency of oscillations of the liquid column in the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Data Aggregation Point Placement and Subnetwork Optimization for Smart Grids

    Tien-Wen Sung1, Wei Li1, Chao-Yang Lee2,*, Yuzhen Chen1, Qingjun Fang1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 407-434, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061694 - 26 March 2025

    Abstract To transmit customer power data collected by smart meters (SMs) to utility companies, data must first be transmitted to the corresponding data aggregation point (DAP) of the SM. The number of DAPs installed and the installation location greatly impact the whole network. For the traditional DAP placement algorithm, the number of DAPs must be set in advance, but determining the best number of DAPs is difficult, which undoubtedly reduces the overall performance of the network. Moreover, the excessive gap between the loads of different DAPs is also an important factor affecting the quality of the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhanced Triple Layered Approach for Mitigating Security Risks in Cloud

    Tajinder Kumar1, Purushottam Sharma2,*, Xiaochun Cheng3,*, Sachin Lalar4, Shubham Kumar5, Sandhya Bansal6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 719-738, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060836 - 26 March 2025

    Abstract With cloud computing, large chunks of data can be handled at a small cost. However, there are some reservations regarding the security and privacy of cloud data stored. For solving these issues and enhancing cloud computing security, this research provides a Three-Layered Security Access model (TLSA) aligned to an intrusion detection mechanism, access control mechanism, and data encryption system. The TLSA underlines the need for the protection of sensitive data. This proposed approach starts with Layer 1 data encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). For data transfer and storage, this encryption guarantees the data’s… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Structural and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Sourced Thermoplastic Materials from Flax and Fatty Acids

    Prabu Satria Sejati1,2, Adrien Magne1, Luke Froment1, Jennifer Afrim1, Alexandre Maenhaut3, Julie Maillet3, Firmin Obounou Akong1,*, Frédéric Fradet3, Philippe Gérardin1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 539-552, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056813 - 20 March 2025

    Abstract Bio-based thermoplastic film from flax fiber and fatty acid (FA) was obtained using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as an impelling agent. Different quantities of TFAA/FA, size of flax fiber, and fatty acids were applied to investigate chemical structure in relation to the mechanical properties. Decreasing the quantity of TFAA/FA by almost half from 1:4 to 1:2.5 (flax to TFAA/FA) only reduces by 22% the weight percent gain (WPG) and ester content and reducing flax fiber size slightly increases the WPG and ester content. All the treatments showed significant chemical structure modification, observed by FTIR and… More > Graphic Abstract

    Structural and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Sourced Thermoplastic Materials from Flax and Fatty Acids

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Diff-IDS: A Network Intrusion Detection Model Based on Diffusion Model for Imbalanced Data Samples

    Yue Yang1,2, Xiangyan Tang2,3,*, Zhaowu Liu2,3,*, Jieren Cheng2,3, Haozhe Fang3, Cunyi Zhang3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4389-4408, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060357 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, the sharp increase in network devices and their inherent security vulnerabilities present a stark contrast, bringing unprecedented challenges to the field of network security, especially in identifying malicious attacks. However, due to the uneven distribution of network traffic data, particularly the imbalance between attack traffic and normal traffic, as well as the imbalance between minority class attacks and majority class attacks, traditional machine learning detection algorithms have significant limitations when dealing with sparse network traffic data. To effectively tackle this challenge, we have designed a lightweight… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Barrier-Based Machine Learning Approach for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

    Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon1,2,*, Rafid Sagban3,4, Atheer Y. Oudah1,5, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed6,7

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4181-4218, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.058822 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract In order to address the critical security challenges inherent to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), this paper presents a groundbreaking barrier-based machine learning technique. Vital applications like military operations, healthcare monitoring, and environmental surveillance increasingly deploy WSNs, recognizing the critical importance of effective intrusion detection in protecting sensitive data and maintaining operational integrity. The proposed method innovatively partitions the network into logical segments or virtual barriers, allowing for targeted monitoring and data collection that aligns with specific traffic patterns. This approach not only improves the diversit. There are more types of data in the training set,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Reactive Power Optimization Model of Active Distribution Network with New Energy and Electric Vehicles

    Chenxu Wang*, Jing Bian, Rui Yuan

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 985-1003, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059559 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load, a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed. Firstly, the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods. Then, the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time. Finally, the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks (CB) in multiple periods is fixed, and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Experimental Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Copper Tube Using Three Types of Nanofluids

    Zahraa N. Hussain1,*, Jamal M. Ali1,*, Hasan S. Majdi2, Abbas J. Sultan1, H. Al-Naseri3

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 351-370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056292 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract The use of nanofluids as heat transfer media represents an innovative strategy to enhance heat transfer performances. This study investigates experimentally the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids containing TiO2, CuO, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanoparticles as they flow through a copper tube. Both the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of these nanofluids were modeled and experimentally measured across varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol.%) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The findings indicate that the behavior of nanofluids depends on the parameter used for comparison with the base fluid. Notably, both More > Graphic Abstract

    Experimental Study of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Copper Tube Using Three Types of Nanofluids

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