Guangwei Sun^1,2,#, Xuanhao Zhang^3,#, Yi Liu³, Liguang Chai², Daisong Liu², Zhenguo Chen^1,*, Shiyou Lü^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.4, pp. 641-659, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.049285

Abstract The Nicotiana genus, commonly known as tobacco, holds significant importance as a crucial economic crop. Confronted with an abundance of herbivorous insects that pose a substantial threat to yield, tobacco has developed a diverse and sophisticated array of mechanisms, establishing itself as a model of plant ecological defense. This review provides a concise overview of the current understanding of tobacco’s defense strategies against herbivores. Direct defenses, exemplified by its well-known tactic of secreting the alkaloid nicotine, serve as a potent toxin against a broad spectrum of herbivorous pests. Moreover, in response to herbivore attacks, tobacco enhances the discharge of volatile… More >

Dingping Chen¹, Zhiheng Zhu², Jinyang Fu^1,3, Jilin He^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1679-1703, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049048

Abstract The detection of crack defects on the walls of road tunnels is a crucial step in the process of ensuring travel safety and performing routine tunnel maintenance. The automatic and accurate detection of cracks on the surface of road tunnels is the key to improving the maintenance efficiency of road tunnels. Machine vision technology combined with a deep neural network model is an effective means to realize the localization and identification of crack defects on the surface of road tunnels. We propose a complete set of automatic inspection methods for identifying cracks on the walls of road tunnels as a… More >

Ananthakrishnan Balasundaram^1,2, Ayesha Shaik^1,2,*, Japmann Kaur Banga², Aman Kumar Singh²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 779-799, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048362

Abstract Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have been identified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Earth’s climate and for effectively enforcing emission regulations at a large scale. This work examines the feasibility of detecting and quantifying industrial smoke plumes using freely accessible geo-satellite imagery. The existing system has so many lagging factors such as limitations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency and these factors hinder the effectiveness in supporting timely response to industrial fires. In this… More >

Hala AlShamlan^*, Halah AlMazrua^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 675-694, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048146

Abstract In this study, our aim is to address the problem of gene selection by proposing a hybrid bio-inspired evolutionary algorithm that combines Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) for feature selection. The motivation for utilizing GWO and HHO stems from their bio-inspired nature and their demonstrated success in optimization problems. We aim to leverage the strengths of these algorithms to enhance the effectiveness of feature selection in microarray-based cancer classification. We selected leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) to evaluate the performance of both two widely used classifiers, k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM), on high-dimensional cancer microarray… More >

Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani^1,2,3, Aderemi Elisha Okeyinka⁴, Sunday Adeola Ajagbe^5,6, Ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi¹, Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun^1,2,7,*, Temitope Samson Adekunle⁸, Pragasen Mudali⁵, Matthew Olusegun Adigun⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1581-1597, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047898

Abstract The study presents the Half Max Insertion Heuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) and Nearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics, focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative that minimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting with an initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half… More >

Xiao Lu^1,*, Chengling Jiang¹, Zhoujun Ma¹, Haitao Li², Yuexin Liu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 373-390, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047469

Abstract Insulator defect detection plays a vital role in maintaining the secure operation of power systems. To address the issues of the difficulty of detecting small objects and missing objects due to the small scale, variable scale, and fuzzy edge morphology of insulator defects, we construct an insulator dataset with 1600 samples containing flashovers and breakages. Then a simple and effective surface defect detection method of power line insulators for difficult small objects is proposed. Firstly, a high-resolution feature map is introduced and a small object prediction layer is added so that the model can detect tiny objects. Secondly, a simplified… More >

Umar Isa Abdulkadir^*, Anil Fernando^*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 71-83, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.045332

Abstract One of the significant issues the insurance industry faces is its ability to predict future claims related to individual policyholders. As risk varies from one policyholder to another, the industry has faced the challenge of using various risk factors to accurately predict the likelihood of claims by policyholders using historical data. Traditional machine-learning models that use neural networks are recognized as exceptional algorithms with predictive capabilities. This study aims to develop a deep learning model using sequential deep regression techniques for insurance claim prediction using historical data obtained from Kaggle with 1339 cases and eight variables. This study adopted a… More >

Zun-Di Huang¹, Zhen-Bin Zhou^1,2,3, Ning Chang¹, Zheng-Wei Chen^2,3,*, Su-Mei Wang^2,3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.1, pp. 975-996, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047664

Abstract The safety and stability of high-speed maglev trains traveling on viaducts in crosswinds critically depend on their aerodynamic characteristics. Therefore, this paper uses an improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method to investigate the aerodynamic features of high-speed maglev trains with different marshaling lengths under crosswinds. The effects of marshaling lengths (varying from 3-car to 8-car groups) on the train’s aerodynamic performance, surface pressure, and the flow field surrounding the train were investigated using the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The results showed that the marshaling lengths had minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of the head and middle… More > Graphic Abstract

Cyril Enault^*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.33, pp. 77-92, 2024, DOI:10.32604/rig.2024.046591

Abstract La théorie égocentrée est aujourd’hui bien connue des éthologues et des psychologues mais moins diffusée chez les géographes car elle reste encore à l’état de théorie abstraite. Ce papier se propose dans un premier temps de rendre opérationnel cette approche dans le cadre de travaux géographiques à l’échelle de l’individu. Puis, elle envisage d’établir le lien entre l’échelle individu et l’échelle de la ville avec comme objectif de produire des cartes déformées de la ville. More > Graphic Abstract

FREDERICK H. SILVER^1,2,*, TANMAY DESHMUKH²

BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.4, pp. 525-540, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.047965

Abstract All tissues in the body are subjected externally to gravity and internally by collagen fibril and cellular retractive forces that create stress and energy equilibrium required for homeostasis. Mechanotransduction involves mechanical work (force through a distance) and energy storage as kinetic and potential energy. This leads to changes in cell mitosis or apoptosis and the synthesis or loss of tissue components. It involves the application of energy directly to cells through integrin-mediated processes, cell-cell connections, stretching of the cell cytoplasm, and activation of the cell nucleus via yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-motif (TAZ). These processes involve numerous… More >