Benjamin Schrijver1,a, Jorn L. J. C. Assmann1,a, Adriaan J. van Gammeren2, Roel C. H. Vermeulen3, Lützen Portengen3, Peter Heukels4, Anton W. Langerak1, Willem A. Dik1, Vincent H. J. van der Velden1,b, Ton A. A. M. Ermens2,b
European Cytokine Network, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 154-167, 2020, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2020.0456
Abstract COVID-19 differs substantially between individuals, ranging from mild to severe or even fatal. Heterogeneity in the immune response against SARS-COV-2 likely contributes to this. Therefore, we explored the temporal dynamics of key cellular and soluble mediators of innate and adaptive immune activation in relation to COVID-19 severity and progression.
Forty-four patients with a PCR-proven diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Extensive cellular (leukocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets) and serological immune profiling (cytokines, soluble cell surface molecules, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies) was performed at hospital admission and every 3-4 days during hospitalization. Measurements and disease outcome were compared between… More >
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