Mahdi Mubarok^1,2, Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier^1,*, Elham Azadeh¹, Firmin Obounou Akong¹, Stéphane Dumarçay¹, Antonio Pizzi¹, Philippe Gérardin^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 505-521, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024872 - 22 September 2022

Abstract Furfurylation is a well-known wood modification technology. This paper studied the effect of tannin addition on the wood furfurylation. Three kinds of dicarboxylic acids, adipic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, as well as glyoxal as a comparing agent, were used to catalyse the polymerisation of furanic or tannin-furanic solutions during wood modification. Impregnation of furanic or tannin-furanic solution at a certain concentration into the wood followed with curing at 103°C for a specific duration was performed for the wood modification. Different properties of the modified woods like dimensional stability, resistance of treatment to leaching, More >

Manar M. Aldaseen¹, Khaled M. Matrouk¹, Laiali H. Almazaydeh^2,*, Khaled M. Elleithy³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3969-3981, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028520 - 16 June 2022

Abstract The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are characterized by their widespread deployment due to low cost, but the WSNs are vulnerable to various types of attacks. To defend against the attacks, an effective security solution is required. However, the limits of these networks’ battery-based energy to the sensor are the most critical impediments to selecting cryptographic techniques. Consequently, finding a suitable algorithm that achieves the least energy consumption in data encryption and decryption and providing a highly protected system for data remains the fundamental problem. In this research, the main objective is to obtain data security… More >

Hongfei Yue¹, Aiguo Fang², Sudong Hua^1,*, Zenghuan Gu³, Yu Jia¹, Cheng Yang⁴

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.8, pp. 2247-2261, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018901 - 25 April 2022

Abstract A phosphogypsum-based subgrade stabilizer (PBSS) was formulated using industrial by-product phosphogypsum (PG), mixed with slag and calcium-silicon-rich active material (GSR). The active powder (AP) was used to modify PBSS, and PBSS-AP was obtained. PBSS and PBSS-AP were each mixed with 10% silty soil, and cement and lime (CAL: 5% lime + 2% cement) were used as the traditional material for comparative experiments. Samples were cured under standard conditions, and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water stability, volume expansion, and leachate, to explore the stabilization effect of the three solidified materials on silty soil. The More >

Hajer Faris¹, Musaria Karim Mahmood², Osama Ahmad Alomari^3,*, Ashraf Elnagar⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 5643-5661, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026228 - 21 April 2022

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by their ability to monitor physical or chemical phenomena in a static or dynamic location by collecting data, and transmit it in a collaborative manner to one or more processing centers wirelessly using a routing protocol. Energy dissipation is one of the most challenging issues due to the limited power supply at the sensor node. All routing protocols are large consumers of energy, as they represent the main source of energy cost through data exchange operation. Cluster-based hierarchical routing algorithms are known for their good performance in energy conservation… More >

Sankar Sennan¹, Kirubasri¹, Youseef Alotaibi², Digvijay Pandey^3,*, Saleh Alghamdi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2159-2174, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.025773 - 29 March 2022

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent paradigm to improve human lifestyle. Nowadays, number devices are connected to the Internet drastically. Thus, the people can control and monitor the physical things in real-time without delay. The IoT plays a vital role in all kind of fields in our world such as agriculture, livestock, transport, and healthcare, grid system, connected home, elderly people carrying system, cypher physical system, retail, and intelligent systems. In IoT energy conservation is a challenging task, as the devices are made up of low-cost and low-power sensing devices and local processing. IoT… More >

Haijun Sun^1,2, Paramsothy Jeyakumar³, Hongdong Xiao², Xuewen Li², Jiayou Liu², Min Yu², Prabal Bir Jung Rana¹, Weiming Shi^2,4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.1, pp. 197-206, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.016492 - 16 August 2021

Abstract

There are few evidences on the effect of biochar on vegetable yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching losses under intensive vegetable production soil. The current field plot scale study evaluated responses of Chinese cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) yield, N and P leaching losses using five N treatments of common N application rate according to local farmers’ practice (N100%), reducing 20% or 40% N fertilizer (N80% and N60%), and reducing 40% N fertilizer but incorporating 10 or 20 t/ha biochar (N60% + BC10 and N60% + BC20). Results showed that N80% and N60% decreased both the cabbage

… More >

Sudhakar Muniyasamy^1,2,*, Asis Patnaik^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.10, pp. 1661-1671, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014904 - 12 May 2021

Abstract Present study deals with the biodegradable behavior of individual components and their preforms of nonwoven biocomposites developed from waste wool fibers including coring wool (CW), dorper wool (DW) and recycled polyester fibers (RPET). A respirometric technique was employed to estimate the production of CO₂ during the biodegradation experiments under soil and aqueous media conditions. Functional groups of test samples before and after biodegradation were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Leaching chemicals such as formaldehyde (hydrolyzed) and Chromium VI (Cr VI) was also measured. The CO₂ emission in wool fibers CW and DW indicated 90%… More >

V. Nivedhitha^1,*, A. Gopi Saminathan², P. Thirumurugan³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.28, No.3, pp. 603-616, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016780 - 20 April 2021

Abstract Several protocols strive to improve network longevity but fail to ameliorate the uneven overhead imparted upon the sensor nodes that lead to temporal deaths. The proposed work uses a metaheuristic approach that promotes load balancing and energy-efficient data transmission using the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FFOA). The approach combines the LEACH protocol with differential evolution (DE) to select an optimum cluster head in every cluster. The algorithm is designed to provide energy-efficient data transmissions based on the smell and vision foraging behavior of fruit flies. The approach considers the compactness of nodes, energy capacity, and More >

SeaYoung Park¹, Jong-Yong Lee², Daesung Lee^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 4019-4037, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014353 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Replacing or recharging batteries in the sensor nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a significant challenge. Therefore, efficient power utilization by sensors is a critical requirement, and it is closely related to the life span of the network. Once a sensor node consumes all its energy, it will no longer function properly. Therefore, various protocols have been proposed to minimize the energy consumption of sensors and thus prolong the network operation. Recently, clustering algorithms combined with artificial intelligence have been proposed for this purpose. In particular, various protocols employ the K-means clustering algorithm,… More >

Mohammed Kaddi^1,*, Abdallah Banana², Mohammed Omari¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 1497-1510, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012116 - 26 November 2020

Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used due to its vast range of applications. The energy problem is one of the important problems influencing the complete application. Sensor nodes use very small batteries as a power source and replacing them is not an easy task. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must conserve their energy and extend the network lifetime as long as possible. Also, these limits motivate much of the research to suggest solutions in all layers of the protocol stack to save energy. So, energy management efficiency becomes a key requirement in… More >